5.3 Democracy and Greece

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5.3 Democracy and Greeces Golden Age, the
Peloponnesian War, and Philosophy
Mrs. Valli
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Post-Persian War Athens

• After defeating the Persians at Salamis,
  Themistocles came home a war hero.
• Themistocles
• Supported by the Athenians lower class
• Didnt see eye to eye with Athenian nobility
• Convinced Athens it was necessary to build navy
  and fortify city

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Themistocles is Ostracized
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Pericles (think IS GO)

• Influential Statesman
• General
• Orator (public speaker)

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Pericles Three Goals for Athens

• Stronger Democracy
• Increased paid officials
• Direct democracy
• (most adult males had a vote)
• Hold Strengthen Athenian Empire
• 200 ship navy? strongest in the Mediterranean
• Glorifying Athens
• Used Delian League
• Rebuilt Athens after Persian War (Parthenon is an
  example of reconstruction)

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TALK TO A NEIGHBOR

• What were Pericles three goals for Athens and
  how did he accomplish them?

1. Goal Create a stronger democracy

-Increased the number of paid public jobs so poor
could hold office -Promoted direct democracy so
all adult male citizens could vote
2) Goal Hold Strengthen Athenian Empire
-Took from Delian League to build Athens navy
3) Goal Glorify Athens
-Rebuilt Athens (Parthenon is an example)
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HOME
Democracy and Greeces Golden Age
1. List Pericles three goals for Athens. Give at
least one example for each.
Pericles Goals
Glorify Athens Hired artists, built
architectural projects and the Parthenon
Strengthen Athens democracy Increased number
of paid officials, increased citizen participation
Hold and strengthen empire Built navy through
Delian Leagues funds, protected overseas trade
continued . . .
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Parthenon (Pericles Big Project) -located on
Athens Acropolis -purpose was to glorify
Athens -served as a place for ritual and ceremony
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A gold statue of Athena is found inside the
Parthenon
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TALK TO A NEIGHBOR

• Where was the Parthenon located?

Athens Acropolis
What purpose does the Parthenon serve?
A place for rituals and ceremonies
What is the Parthenon an example of?
Pericles goal of glorifying Athens
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GREEK COLUMNS
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TALK TO A NEIGHBOR

• Which column seems
• The simplest?
• The most elaborate?
• Whats the Parthenon?

Doric
Corinthian
Doric
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Setting the Stage

• Under Pericles, Athens experienced a growth in
  intellectual and artistic learning. The artistic
  and literary legacies of this time continue to
  inspire and instruct people around the world.

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Greek Styles in Art

• Classical Art graceful, strong, and perfectly
  formed
• Sculpture
• Phidias created Athena statue, which can be
  found in Parthenon

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Greek Drama

• Built first theaters in the west
• Tragedy Comedy

A serious drama about common themes love, hate,
war, betrayal
Slapstick situations and crude humor
Famous Tragedy (dramatist) Writers Aeschylus
Trilogy (The Oresteia) Sophocles 100 plays
(Oedipus Rex- the story of a cursed king and his
troubled family) Euripides Sympathetic
portrayals of women (Medea)
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TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBOR

• What is a tragedy?

A serious drama about common themes such as love,
hate, war and betrayal
What is a comedy?
A slapstick situation, usually with crude humor
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The Delian League

• Who some Greek City-States, led by Athens
• What An alliance formed to prevent foreign
  invasion
• Where Originally met on island of Delos but then
  Pericles convinced members to move meetings and
  the treasury to Athens

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Who fought?

• 1. Delian League Athens and other small city
  states that supported democracy

• 2. Peloponnesian League Sparta and other city
  states that supported an oligarchy.

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Causes

• After the Persian War tension was building for
  years
• Athens had supreme power and others resented
  them
• Basically, there was competition for the Greek
  world

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Athens vs Sparta

• Sparta strongest land power in Greece

• Athens strongest sea power in Greece

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TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBOR

• True or False, Athens was the strongest sea power
  in both the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian
  War?
• True or False, Sparta was the strongest land
  power in both the Persian Wars and the
  Peloponnesian War?

T
T
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Spartans
Athens
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Who Won?
SPARTA!
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How Did Sparta Win?

• Sparta was located inland so it could not be
  attacked from the sea
• Athens could be attacked by sea and land
• Athens tried to move its people behind the
  acropolis and plague broke out weakened Athens
  (about 1/3 of population, including Pericles,
  died)

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QUICK, tell your neighbor why Sparta won
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Acropolis
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Effects of the Peloponnesian Wars

• Ended the reign of Athenian greatness
• Corruption replaced good citizenship
• People lost faith in democracy
• Sparta is taken over by Thebes
• Macedonia becomes the next great power
• To Sum cultural advancements lessen and
  political power weakens

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TABLE WORK

• Work with all members at your table to come up
  with a trick to remember the effects of the
  Peloponnesian war.
• Be QUICK, you got 2 minutes!
• GO!

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philosophy
Believed in 2 major principles
-The world was put together in a logical
way -People could understand the world with logic
and reason
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SPA Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

• Socrates
• Encouraged Greeks to question themselves and
  their morals
• Sought the truth through a series of questions
  and answers
• Was put on trial sentenced to death for
  corrupting Athens youth Socrates drank poison
  and died
• Plato
• Wrote The Republic, which talked about a
  perfectly governed society
• Founded the Academy
• Aristotle
• Alexander the Greats teacher
• Provided basis for the scientific method
• Questioned the nature of the world and of human
  beliefs

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Close

• Work with your tablemates to answer the following
  questions. We will discuss orally after we watch
  3 short movies.
• Explain what life was like during Greeces Golden
  Age.
• Explain how the philosophers affected democracy
  in Greece.
• Explain the causes of the Peloponnesian War.