Analysis on regional structure and spatial characteristics of oasis urban agglomerations

1
Analysis on regional structure and spatial
characteristics of oasis urban agglomerations

• ZHANG Yu-fang YANG De-gang
• Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography
• Chinese Academy of Sciences

2
Outline

• Study background and meaning
• Material and methodology
• Objectives
• Results and analysis
• Conclusions and suggestion

3
Study background and meaning
Optimization of geographic spatial structure is a
main content of studying urban sustainable
development. The study just focus on the inside
structure of single city or urban agglomerations
in developed region. The urban agglomerations on
the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is a
central area of Xinjiang and plays a decisive
role in social and economic development of the
region . The economic development is fast and
promising. Understanding of the spatial
structure of oasis urban agglomerations is very
necessary and meaningful for promoting the
development of this area.
4
Study background and meaning
Eight cities Urumqi, Miquan, Fukang, Changji,
Shihezi, Kuytun, Karamay,
Usu
5
Material and methodology

• Material
• The data of the urban work force and population
  from
• Urban Statistical Yearbook of China from
  19912001
• Statistical yearbook of Xinjiang from
  1991, 2001, 2006
• Commuting distance between cities
• Digital elevation map and Landsat ETM
  images(2000) of the
• northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

6
Material and methodology

• Methodology
• Fractal theory
• A branch of nonlinear science and an
  important means for science
• research. An effective methodology on
  studying the urban systems of
• the city geography. To reveal the geographic
  spatial structures.
• Zipf dimension
• Space relation fractal dimension
• The method to classify city function
• Using data of the urban work force
  structure, statistical analysis, combining J. W.
  Maxwell and H. J. Nelson's the city
  classification methods, the authors reveal the
  urban functional structural characte-ristics
  from 1990 to 2005.

7
Objectives

• To analyze the development route of oasis urban
  agglomerations from 1990 to 2005 including
• the temporal-spatial feature of size
• the structure urban functional changes
• the macroscopic distribution and microstructure
  interaction
• characteristics
• To discuss the optimization method of geographic
  spatial structure

8
Results and analysis
The temporal-spatial feature of size The urban
primacy index is higher than normal level
(Fig1a), and the concentration effect of main
city plays dominant role. But it decreasing
gradually, the distribution of population is less
concentrated through the period (Fig1b). The
city hierarchical structure has changed.
Fig1. The changes of urban primacy index (a) and
population distribution curve (b) unit ten
thousand of urban agglomerations at the northern
slope of the Tianshan Mountains
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Results and analysis
The temporal-spatial feature of size Based on the
fractal theory, the fractal dimension of the
scale structure was calculated with Zipf rule in
study region.

(1) When Dlt 1, the distribution of population
is uneven and the system is underdeveloped When
Dgt 1, more medium-sized cities in the urban scale
distribution, population distribution is more
balanced and the system of urban agglomeration is
developed 4 13 18?
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Results and analysis
The temporal-spatial feature of size It was found
this regions urban systems have the fractal
properties. With the rapid development of
economy, the urbanization process accelerated
from 19902000, the uneven distribution of
population was enhanced When Shihezi city
became a new economic core, the effect of
polarization population was decreased from 2000
to 2005.
Fig2. The ln-ln plot of the urban system-size
distribution in the Urban Agglomerations at the
northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains
11
Results and analysis
The urban functional structure changes Using
data of the urban work force structure,
statistical analysis, combining J. W. Maxwell
and H. J. Nelson's the city classification
methods, the authors reveal the urban functional
structural characteristics from 1990 to 2005.
Table1.The categorization of national industries classification Table1.The categorization of national industries classification Table1.The categorization of national industries classification Table1.The categorization of national industries classification
Department Indusry Department Indusry
Construction Construction Transportation Transport, Storage and Post
Business Wholesale and Retail Trades Administration Public Management and Social Organizations
Business Hotels and Catering Services Administration Water Conservancy, Environment and Public Facility Management
Industial Mining Service Services to households and Other Services
Industial Production and Distribution of Electricity,Gas and Water Service Scientific Research, Technology Service and Geological Prospecting
Industial Manufacturing Service Information Transmission,Computer Servcie and Software
Education, sciecen,culture and health Education Service Real Estate
Education, sciecen,culture and health Health, Social Security and Social Welfare Service Financial Intermediation
Education, sciecen,culture and health Culture, Sports and Entertainment Service Leasing and Business Services
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Results and analysis
The structure urban functional changes
Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table2. The industrial location entropy of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005
City Construction Construction Transportation Transportation Business Business Administration Administration Industial Industial Service Service Education and science Education and science
City 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005 1990
Urumqi 1.1 1 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1
Shihezi 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 1 1.2
Kuytun 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.7 3.9 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.7 1 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.1
Miquan 2.5 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.2 1.1 1.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.9
Fukang 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 2.3 0.7 1.3 1.4 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.9
Karamay 0.9 0.6 0.1 1 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 2 1.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.9
Usu 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.8 1.3 1.4 1.5 1 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.4
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Table3. The functional structure changes of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table3. The functional structure changes of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table3. The functional structure changes of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table3. The functional structure changes of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005 Table3. The functional structure changes of urban agglomerations at the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in 1990 and 2005
City Dominant function Dominant function Leading function Leading function
City 1990 2005 1990 2005
Urumqi Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Urumqi Industrial Industrial Transportation Transportation
Urumqi Industrial Industrial Construction Services
Shihezi Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Shihezi Industrial Industrial Construction Industrial
Karamay Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Fukang Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Fukang Industrial Industrial Industrial Administration
Fukang Industrial Industrial Industrial Education and science
Changji Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Changji Industrial Industrial Construction Administration
Changji Industrial Industrial Services
Miquan Industrial Construction Industrial Construction
Miquan Industrial Construction Services Construction
Miquan Industrial Construction Construction Construction
Kuytun Industrial Business Industrial Transportation
Kuytun Industrial Business Construction Business
Usu Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial
Usu Industrial Industrial Transportation Business
Usu Industrial Industrial Business
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Results and analysis
The urban functional structure changes Using
data of the urban work force structure,
statistical analysis, combining J. W. Maxwell
and H. J. Nelson's the city classification
methods, the authors reveal the urban functional
structural characteristics from 1990 to 2005.
The urban economic structure is similar that the
leading sector is industry and sectors with
superiority are transportation and business
industry. But the dominate function became
diversified.
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Results and analysis
The macroscopic distribution characteristics The
city always along with oasis , road and
railway(Fig3a)? (1)Be near the watershed of the
mountain systems and lies on the upstream of
piedmont alluvial-pluvial fan which is rich in
water resource, plantation and good at soil
texture. Where is oasis and where is
city. (2)The water resource and rivers
distribution impact on the urban expansion
direction and the shape of the oasis city
significantly. The urban expansion direction is
along the river basin. The shape of the city is
long strip which the length is more than broad?
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Results and analysis
The macroscopic distribution characteristics No
matter in ancient times or in the contemporary
era, the traffic impact deeply and significantly
on the congregation, interaction and distribution
of the oasis city. Based on the methods of
Hausdorff fractal dimension and space relation
fractal dimension, the paper adopt calculation
models on the fractal dimension and the arriving
degree of road network .
(2) r is radial
distance, When D?1 ,Many elements of the city
system are concentrated on single geographical
elements such as river, railway When D?2,the
distribution of city is even 4? When r is
communication distance, arriving
degree of network, when it close to 1,the
capacity of urban transportation is better,and
the correlation of elements between cities is
stronger.
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Results and analysis
The macroscopic distribution characteristics (3)Th
e traffic artery become another element impacting
the distribution of oasis cities. In the study
area, the city density is relatively high, the
communication is very well and approximately
straight line form?
Fig3 The ln-ln plot on the spatial distribution
of 8 main cities at the northern slope of the
Tianshan Mountains
18
Results and analysis
The macroscopic distribution characteristics
Fig4. City group distribution (a) and spatial
structure (b) of urban agglomerations at the
northern slope of theTianshan Mountains
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Results and analysis
The microstructure interaction characteristics Spa
tial structure of regional economy
characteristic
The whole shape Dumbbell Two main economic
cores Urumqi metropolitan Areas Economic zone
of Kuytun, Usu and Dushanzi Another is growing
Economic region of oasis urban groups including
Shihezi city , Shawan county and Manasi county
Fig4. City group distribution (a) and spatial
structure (b) of urban agglomerations at the
northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains
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Conclusions and suggestion
(1) The rank-scale distribution and spatial
interaction has fractal character. (2) The
feature of hierarchical structure is loosing,
primate city distribution, and the uneven
population distribution. But from 1990-2005, the
population centre changed from single to
multi-center. (3) However the functional
division in urban agglomerations is not very
distinctness. The urban economic structure is
similar that the leading sector is industrial.
The urban functional structure is developing and
perfecting and the dominate function became
diversified.
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Conclusions and suggestion
(4)The spatial distribution is linear,and the
mostly cities lie on a geographic element as
rivers, railway and national arteryThe
connectivity degree is relatively strong. The
display of spatial organizational structure is
belt, integration of partial and whole,
concentration of megalopolis and economic
zone. (5)According to the conditions of
resources and situation of development, the
developmental strategy should be as follows To
give priority to develop new sub-central cities
such as Usu, Fukang, To accelerate the national
city-Urumqi, entirely play roles of radiation of
central cities. To pay more attention to develop
the diversification of urban function
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Thanks for your attention!