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Astronomy and Space Science

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Title: Astronomy and Space Science Author: Alex Last modified by: sleung Created Date: 7/28/2006 9:51:18 AM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Astronomy and Space Science


1
???????? II
  • ???????????
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  • ????
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2
?????
  • ?????
  • ???
  • ????????????
  • ?????
  • ??
  • ???
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3
?????
  • 1 pc (???) 1 ????? ?? 1 ?? ??? 3.26 ??
    3.24x1016 ?
  • 10 pc 32.6???
  • ?? ???10 pc????0.1?????
  • ??????????(AU)???p 1/d.

4
???
  • ????????????????????????????????,????????
  • ???,??? m,??????????????
  • ????,???????????,??????????
  • ?? m1?? ??? m2 ??? 1001/5 2.512??
  • ????,???????? 2.512(m2-m1) ? 100(m2-m1)/5?

5
??
?? ?? ??? ????

?? ?? -26.8 4.8
?? ?? -12.6
??? ?? -1.4 1.5
??? ???? 1.6 -4.1
???(??? ) ?? 2.0 -3.6
???????? 3.0
?????(M31) ?? 3.5 -21.4
??????(M42) ???? 4.0 -4.5
??? ?? 5.0
M4 ???? 5.6 -6.7
???????? 6.0-7.0
M54 (???) ???? 7.6 -10.0
????(M1) ??????? 8.4 -3.0
????(M57) ????? 8.8 -0.3
6
???(????)
  • ?????????????????????????????,???????/????????
  • ??????,??????????????,??????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ??,??????,?????????????????????,???????????
  • ???,??????,????????????????,???????
  • ???????????????????????

7
????
  • ??? ???????
  • ?????????????,????????
  • ??????????(??????)
  • ??,???????100 pc ????,???10 pc ?,?????100?,???????
  • ???????????,????(M) ????????? 10 pc ????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????????1 ?

8
????
  • ????????,??????????????????,????????,???????
  • ????????????????????,???????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ??????????????????????

9
?????
  • ????????????????(?????????????????????)??????
  • I sT4
  • ??,???R?????,?????????
  • L 4pR2sT4
  • ???-????????????
  • ?????????

10
??????? ?
???????????,???????????????????????????????????
??. ???????????? L 4pR2sT4 ? LSun
4pRSun2sTSun4 ???
L/LSun (R/RSun)2 (T/TSun)4.
??????????, L R2
T4, ? R L1/2 / T2. ??.?????
(R1/R2)3 / (T1/T2)2 (M1/M2), (?????)
         ????????,??????????,????
R13 / T12 M1, M1 ???????
????? - ??????????????
11
???????????
  • ????????
  • ?????????????????????????,??????
  • ??????????????????????,??????????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ??????????????

12
??
  • ?????????,???????????????,???????????
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????OBAFGKM.
  • ????????,??????
  • ?????? G ???,????? B ???,????? M ???

??????? Oh, Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me.
13
???
  • ??????????(?????)?????(??)???-????,???????
  • ???,??????????
  • ???????????,??????,?????????????
  • ??????????????????
  • ???????????????( T4 ) ,???????,???????,?????
  • ???,?????????,?????

?? R L1/2 / T4, ????????????????????
14
????????
  • ????? ??/? vr /c,
  • vr ??????
  • ???????,????????????????
  • ??,?????,???????????????????
  • ??,?????????B???????????
  • ??,???A?B???????

????????????????
http//www2.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/ciubotar/publi
c_html/Starsevol/specbin-anim.gif
15
???????????????
  • ?????,?????????????????????????????????????
  • ????? vr v cos? r? cos? , ,?? r ?????, ?????
  • ??,??????? r ??? T????????,???????????

http//www.roe.ac.uk/pmw/RVorbit.htm
http//www2.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/ciubotar/publi
c_html/Starsevol/specbin-anim.gif
16
??????
  • ???????,???????????????????????,???????????????,??
    ?????????
  • ??,??????????????,???????,?????????????????
  • ??????????,???????????,??????????????
  • 1970??,?????????????????????(inclination
    angle)???0???????????,???????????

17
?????
  • ??????????,??????????????
  • ????????????????,???????v H d
  • ???? H ?????????? 70 km/s/Mpc.
  • ??????,????????,?????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????,?????(??-??)?????,???????
    ??????

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_law
18
?????
19
????????????
http//partnernet.hktb.com/pnweb/jsp/comm/index.js
p
? ????? ???? 2005-2006?????????,???????????,????
????????16.4?19.7 ,???????22 ????????????,????????
???????,??????????,???????????????? ??,??????????
??,????????????,???????,??????????????????
20
????????????
  • ????????,???????,????????????
  • ??????????????,???????????????,????????,??????????
    ???????????,????????
  • ???/???????,????/?????????????,??????????,????????
    ?????????????????
  • ?????????,???????
  • ?30-60 ??????????

?
http//dcfever.com/photosharing/enlargephoto.php?p
hotoID350951
21
? ???????????
? ?? ???? ????,???????????????????????,???????
??????????? ????????????????????????????????????
????????????????? ???????????,???????????????????
22
? ???????????????
? ?????? m1 and m2 ???????? 100(m2-m1)/5
????????????????? ?????????? m???? d ?????????10
pc ?,???????? M,??????? 100(M-m)/5
(d/10)2, ?10??,?????,?? M m 5
log10(d/10). ?????, M ??????? ????
?????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????
????????????? B V??????????? (???)???????????????
?????????,?????X???????,?????,?????????????????,?
M ????? L ,???????????????????????
23
???????????????
?????????????? LSun/L 100
(M-MSun)/5 ?10?????,?????,?? M MSun 2.5
log10(LSun/L). ???????? 4.8 ,??? 3.831026W??? M
71.3 - 2.5 log10(L) ,? L ? W ???? ????????????
???,?????????m, d, M, L, R, T ????? m ? T
??????,? d ????????????, ??? d , M?L?R
???????????????????,????,?????????????????????????
,??????????
?????,???, ????????? L S Li (????)?????????????
??
24
?????????????
? ??????????????,????????,??????????????????????,
????????????????????? ??,???????????????,????????
????????,????????,????????
25
? ????????????
? ?????????????????????,?????????????????????????
???????????????
?????????????????,???????(???????),?????????,????
?????,?????????
26
? ??????????????
? ??,???????????????????????????????
???? ??????,????????????????????,?????????????,?
????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????
?????????????????? (1.22?/D )
27
???????????
? ????????????????/?????,??????????
???? ?????????????,???????????????,?????????????
?? ????????,??????????,?????? ????,??????
(VLA) ????27?????,?????????,?????????????? ??????
?? (VLBI)???????????????,?????????????????????????
?,????????
28
? ???????????
? ??????,????????????
???? Prof. Bill Keel, University of Alabama ???
???? ??????,???M81???????? X??????????????
????????,??????????????????????,??????,???????????
O??B??,?X?????????????????? ????????,????????????
???????????????????????,??????????

29
? ?????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????,????????U(
???) , B(??) ,V(??) ,R(??)??????????????????,?????
????????,??????,??????????????????????????,??RGB?
?,????????
????.??????????????????????????,????(???MU-MB),??
??????X??
30
? ??????????????????????
? ??,?????????? ???????????????
??, I(v)dv????????? d ??????????????????????????
????? L
? I(v)dv. ???????,?? xhv/kT,T4??????????
31
? ????????????
? ???,????????,?????? A ? Q ????????????????????(
????????????????)???? ????,?????????????????????
???? ??????,???0 -9 ??? O1 ? O5 ?????G2??,????
B9,????M2? ??,????????????????,????G2V
,?????? ??????????????????? ????????(Wolf-Rayet
stars)? WR ?
32
? ?????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????,???????,????????
???? ??????????,??G2??,????,????????????????????
?????5780 K ,????????????????????470 nm
,???????,????????,??????,??????,?????????????,????
?????
33
? ????????,?????
??????,???????????
?????,????????
  • ????
  • ????,?????,???????????????
  • ???????????????,???????????????????????,????????
    7-10 ??,?????????,?????????,??,????????????? ?
  • ???????????,??????????????
  • ????????????,?????????,??????????,?????,??????????
    ????????,???????????????
  • ??????,???????????????/?????????????????
  • ????????,????????????????????????,??(????),???,???
    (????,??),??(???, CCD?,???,??)???(??,??,??)?

34
? ???? Lsurf/Lspot (6000/4000)4 5
,????2,??????????????
? ??????????????
  • ??,?????????????,?????????????
  • ??????????,????????????????????????????,????,?????
    ????
  • ???????,??????????????,???????????????

35
? ????????????????
  • ?
  • ??????????,??????????? ,?????????
  • ?????????,????????????????????????????????????
  • ????
  • ??????????????
  • ??,??????,????????,?????????????????????,???????,?
    ????????????
  • ????????,????????????,??????(??,??)?????(??),?????
    ???,?????,?????????
  • ?????0.4??????,??????????????,???????????

36
? ????,???????
? ??????????????,????????????????????????,?L,M
,????d?
?????????????
  • ?????????,??????????????????????????103?104??????,
    ???????????????????????????,?????????????
  • Ia ??????????,????????????????????????????????????
    1.4?????,??????????????????,???50????????????????1
    .4?????,??Ia????????????????,????????,???????

37
? ??????????????????????
http//www2.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/ciubotar/publi
c_html/Starsevol/totalvel.gif
  • ?????????,?????????,????????????? d?/dt vtang/d
    ??,??d?????????
  • ???????? d ,?????????
  • ????????????
  • vtot2 vtang2 vr2.

38
? ?????????????,?????????????
?
???? ????????????????????http//www.roe.ac.uk/pm
w/RVorbit.htm ??? Applet?
39
? ??????????(????) ?
???????????????????,??????????????????????????(??
?)?????????,?200????????????????????????????
,???????????
  • ????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????,???????
  • ??
  • ???????????????,???????????????,??????????????
  • ????????????????F?G?K?????? O?????????,?????????
    M?????????????,????????

40
???????????????
? ??????
???? ???,????????A?????????,????????????????
SO-20 ,????,?? 1500 AU,?? 30
?,??????????????15003/302 400??????? ??SO-2
?????,?370? 150???????????120
AU?????????????????????????? ?? 1.
???????????????? ,?????????? 2.
???A?????????? 3. ???????????,???????????????????
??
SkyTelescope, April 03, p.49
41
? ??????????,??????????
http//antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap031102.html
? ??
???? ???????
  1. ???(??)?????????????????????????????,??????????
  2. ????(?????)???????????,??????????????????,??????,?
    ?????????????(??????)?
  3. ?????(????)????????? a ???????,???
    t,???????????,??????? ?observe ?emit anow /
    a(t)?

42
???????????
? ????????????????137??,???????????(CMB)????????
???? ????????????????? v ????,?????????? d
?????? d/v 1/H ,????????,???140?????,????????,??
v ??????????????????????????,?????? ??
20??90??,?????????Ia???????,???????,??????????????
???????????,?????????????????????,????????????????
???????????????????????,??????????????,?????????
43
? ?????,???????
? ????????????????????,???465???,????????????????
????,?????????????????,??????
???? ??????????,?????????/??/????????????,???????
/??/????????????,????????????,?????????????,?????
?????,??????????????????????,?????????????????,???
????????????????????????,??????????
44
? ????????
?
??????????????,?????,????/??????????????,?????????
,?????????
?????????????? ????????,???????????????,????????
,????????????????,????????
45
? ???????137??,???????????465?????
? ?????????????,??????????????????
http//atlasoftheuniverse.com/expansion.gif
???? ??????????????????????????,??????????????,?
?????137?????? ????????,?????????????????????????
???????????????????,? http//atlasoftheuniverse.co
m/redshift.html ?
46
?? d gt c/H,??????????
? ?????? d gt c/H, v Hd gt c???,???????????,?????
?????????,????????????
???? ?????????14000Mpc, c/H 4000Mpc
,??????,???????????????
47
????????????
????????,???????????,???????????,???????????
???????????,????????????????????
  • ????
  • ??????????,??????????????????????4 ? 22
    ?????74 ?????
  • ?????????,?????
  • ???????????????,???????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????,???????????(WIMP)?????????????
    ??????
  • ?????????
  • ???????????,?????
  • ??????????/??,?????
  • ??????,????????????????,????????????

48
? ??/??????????
? ?????
??
??
??????
BoA Amazing Kiss ?????
49
????????????????
?
alex.choy_at_ mensa.org.hk
50
? ????????????????
????? 1. ????????????????,???????????????????????
,??,???????????????????,????????? 2.
????????????,?????????????,??????????????????,????
??????????????,???????????????,???????????????????
3. ??????????????????,????????,?????????????????
????????,????????,?????,????????????????? 4.
?????????,??????????????,???????????????????,?????
?? 5. ????,?????????,????????
51
???????????????
? ???????????????????????????,??????????????????
???????????????????????,??????????????????????,???
???????????,??????,??????
?????????????,??????? ????????????,?????,??????
??????????????,????????/??/?? ????????
(?????????????????) ???????GOTO?????,??????,????
???,????????GOTO??????????????????????????? ???
????????(Dobsonian)????,?????????,?????????????
????????
52
?
?????????????????????????????????????????????
,???????????????????,?????????????????????????????
?,??????????????? ????????,????,?????????????????
???????????! ????????????????? ???????? (CCD)
??,?????????????,??????????????,??????????????CCD
/CMOS?????,????????,????????,?????????????????,???
????????????,?????????????? ???,?????????????????
?????,????????????,???????????????????,?????
53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
???????????????
??????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ????? ??????????????????????,??????????,?????????
    ????????,?????????????????(????)?
  • ???????,?????? http//www.physics.hku.hk/nature/
  • J. M. Pasachoff, Astronomy From the Earth to the
    Universe (1998).
  • E. Chaisson and S. McMillan, Astronomy Today
    (2005).
  • M. A. Hoskin, Cambridge Illustrated History of
    Astronomy (2000).
  • ??? ? ??? , ?? (2000).
  • ??? , ??????? (2003).
  • ???????????? (2000).
  • Stephen Hawking's Universe, PBS Home Video.
    (1997) .
  • Cosmos Carl Sagan , Cosmos Studio. (1980).
  • October Sky, Universal Studios. (1999).

56
?????????????????
  • ??????
  • ?????? www.stellarium.org ?????????,????,???????
  • phet.colorado.edu????????????,????????????????
  • chemistry.beloit.edu/Stars/pages/heated.html??????
    ???????
  • ????????(???DVD 1 ??????,??? )??????????,????????
    ,?????

57
  • ?
  • ??????????????????????????????50???????
  • ??( BBC )(???1 ?????,??? )??????????????
  • ???????????????????,? ???13? ?2001?????
  • ???????????????,?????????????????????
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