Title: Types of Bonding Lab Wrap Up
1Types of Bonding Lab Wrap Up
2What Do The Formulas Mean?
- Describe what elements make up the compound
- Also describes how many of each type of atom
there are in the compound - C2H2F4
What Elements Are Present
How many of each there are
3More Complicated Formulae
- Formulae may have the same element more than
once. This indicates something about the
chemical structure, which we will learn about in
Unit 5. - For example NH4OH
4More Complicated Formulae
- Formulae may have parentheses
- For example Al(NO3)3
- The number outside the parentheses applies to
each of the atoms in the parentheses
5How Many of Each Atom Are In A Formula?
- C3H8O
- MgSO4
- Ca(OH)2
- NH4NO3
- Mg3(PO4)2
- Fe(NO3)3
6What Does Conductivity Mean?
- How well a solution conducts electricity
- What do you need to conduct electricity?
- To conduct electricity you need moving charges
- Things with high conductivities have lots of
things with charges that can move.
7A Few Conductivity Terms
- Electrolyte a compound that conducts
electricity when dissolved in water. - Strong electrolyte conducts electricity well
- Weak electrolyte conducts electricity slightly
- Non-electrolyte does not conduct electricity
8What does the Melting Point mean?
- When a compound changes states some of the forces
that attract the various pieces together are
broken. - Low melting points indicate weak attractions
between the little bits.
9What Does Appearance Mean?
- Regular Shapes are very important in science
- A Regular Shape at the visible level means that
there is a very Regular Shape at the microscopic
and atomic levels.
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12Types of Chemical Bonding
- What Makes Salt, Aspirin, and Zinc Have Such
Different Properties?
13Things Like Sodium Chloride
- High Melting Points
- Do Not Conduct Electricity in Solid Form
- Conduct Electricity in Solution
- Have a regular shape
- Made from a metal and a nonmetal (ex. NaCl)
14Things Like Sodium Chloride
- Metal loses electrons while nonmetal gains
electrons (Na and Cl-) - Make ions charged things
- Opposite Charges Attract
- Have a regular crystal structure
- Crystals come from a repeating pattern of ions.
15Things Like Sodium Chloride
- Pattern of ions repeats billions of times in a
single crystal CRYSTAL LATTICE - Has no specific number of atoms in crystal so we
use an empirical formula - Empirical formula - Lowest whole number ratio of
atoms - Call these compounds salts
16Things Like Sodium Chloride
- When melted, ions are freed from the crystal
lattice structure - Melting requires breaking the bonds holding the
compound together - Bonds are strong
- Therefore, melting point is high.
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18IONIC BONDING
- Bonding between ions
- Atoms give and take electrons
- Transfer electrons
- Things like Salt
19Things Like Aspirin
- Low Melting Points
- Do Not Conduct Electricity in Solid Form
- Most Do Not conduct electricity in aqueous
solution (some compounds in this category do a
little bit) - Have an irregular shape
- Made from all nonmetals (ex. C9H8O4)
20Things Like Aspirin
- Atoms share pairs of electrons between each other
(potluck dinner) - Shared electrons hold the atoms together
21Things Like Aspirin
- Smallest units have a distinct beginning and a
distinct end MOLECULE - Has a specific number of atoms in the molecule
(ex. C9H8O4)
22Things Like Aspirin
- One line SINGLE BOND 2 electrons
- Two lines DOUBLE BOND 4 electrons
- Three lines TRIPLE BOND 6 electrons
23Things Like Aspirin
- When melted, bonds between atoms do NOT break
- Instead, attractive forces between molecules
break. - Intermolecular Forces
- Intermolecular forces are weak compared to bonds.
- Melting point is low.
24COVALENT BONDING
- Atoms Share Electrons to Make a Compound
- Things like Aspirin
25Things Like Zinc
- High Melting Points
- DO conduct electricity in the solid state
- Dont form aqueous solutions
- Have irregular shape but are malleable
- Made from all metals (ex. Brass a mixture of
copper and zinc)
26Metals
- Overlap of the electron cloud of the metal atoms
- Creates metal ions
- Electrons move freely through the whole piece of
metal - Sea of Electrons
27Things Like Zinc
- When metals melt, some of the attractions from
the sea of electrons are broken. - Bonds are broken.
- Melting point is high.
28Things Like Zinc
- Because of the sea of electrons metals
- Can have its shape changed MALLEABLE
- Can be pulled into wire DUCTILE
- Are shiny LUSTEROUS
29METALLIC BONDING
- A Sea of Electron Glue Holds Atoms Together
- Delocalized Electrons
- Things like Zinc