An Introduction to the stuff you will be learning this year.

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• An Introduction to the stuff you will be learning
  this year.

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Psychology

• What is it?

Do our feelings always match our behaviors?
But I will still act tough. (even though I will
be crying on the inside, so be gentle).
If you call me stupid, I may feel sad or insecure
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Psychologys HistoryPrescientific Psychology

• Socrates
• Plato dualism -
• - some ideas
• Aristotle monism -
  
• - knowledge results from
  memories of
• past
  experiences
• - mind is a

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Psychologys RootsPrescientific Psychology

• Rene Descartes
• Francis Bacon
• John Locke
• Empiricism

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Psychologys Early Debates

• Mind and Body Connect v. Separate
• Nature v. Nurture
• Innate v. Learned

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Think Pair Share

• Which of the early thinkers of psychology do you
  think had the greatest effect on todays
  psychology? Why?

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History of Psychology

• Psychology has gone through 5 different
  historical eras or changes in how scientists view
  the mind and behavioraka
• Psychological Perspectives a mental view of how
  scientists explain the mind and behavior

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5 Historical Periods of Psychology

• Introspection
• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Gestault
• Psychoanalytic
• Behaviorist
• Biopsychosocial -

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One Introspection

• 2 schools - Structuralism and Functionalism
• Structuralism
• Explored structural elements
• Introspection -
• to study inner sensations and mental images
• Example

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IA Structuralism

• Wilhelm Wundt
• Experiment
• G. Stanley Hall (Baltimore)
• Edward Titchner (Cornell)
• Student of Wundt
• Example

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IB Functionalism

• Functionalism
• Emphasized the purpose or function of mental
  processes
• added the importance of the environment
• Wm. James
• Mary Calkins
• Margaret Floy Washburn

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Think Pair Share

1. With your table, discuss the limitations of
   introspection and explain why current
   psychological researchers would be unlikely to
   use introspection to gather data.
2. William James developed his theory of
   functionalism around the same time Charles Darwin
   was developing the theory of evolution. How do
   you think Darwin's theory influenced James'
   theory of functionalism?

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Two Gestalt Psychology

• Focused on human perceptions of the world
• Led by Max Wertheimer

Rules for how we organize what we see
This may seem like one picture, but it can be
perceived as 2 different faces. Can you find
them?
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Three Psychoanalysis

• Psychoanalysis - Freuds theory of personality
  development and also his treatment of disorders
• Behavior is driven by
• Unconscious
• defense mechanisms tactics that reduce anxiety
  by distorting reality

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Four Behaviorism

• Behaviorism
• Ignored Introspection and psychoanalysis and all
  mental process
• Believe behavior is
• Classical Conditioning
• Pavlov experiments on dogs learning to salivate
  at sound of a bell
• John B. Watson experimented on Little Albert
  learned that emotions (fear) can be learned
• Operant Conditioning voluntary learning
• B.F. Skinner experimented on pigeons and rats,
  learned that animals learn from reinforcements
  and punishments
• Observational Learning
• Bandura animals learn by watching others

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Five EclecticBiopsychosocial Approach

• We are now in the 5th era..which is about
  variety.
• Psychologists pick and choose what theories to
  use depending on the situation and the client.

Kind of like a smorgasbord..lots of variety, you
pick what you want to eat
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Modern Psychologys Three Main Levels of Analysis

• Levels of Analysis
• Biological
• Psychological
• Social-cultural
• Biopsychosocial Approach - integrated approach
  that incorporates biological, psychological, and
  social-cultural levels of analysis.
• Evaluates both
• Evaluates both

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Psychologys Three Main Levels of Analysis
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Wave 5 -Biopsychosocial Approach is made up of 7
different perspectives.

• Psychologists today, pick and choose from about 7
  schools or perspectives of thought to help you
  with your problems.
• Thus we have
• THE SEVEN MODERN SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY

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Biopsychosocial Approach

• 7 MODERN SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Biological/Neuroscience
• Psychodynamic
• Behaviorist
• Cognitive
• Evolutionary
• Humanist
• Social-Culture

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1. Biopsychology (Neuroscience) Perspective

• View of Mind and/or Behavior
• Biological basis
• To change behavior

Let us imagine for a second that your dog died
(sad but it will happen). You become depressed.
You stop eating and sleeping. What would a
psychologist from this school say is going on
and how might they help you?
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2. Evolutionary Perspective

• View of Mind and/or Behavior
• Over time, we adapt to our environment, we change
  
• Based on the ideas of

How could this behavior ensured Homers ancestors
survival?
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3. Psychodynamic Perspective
If a man has intimacy issues and cannot form
relationships with others. What do you think
someone from this school may think?

• View of Mind and/or Behavior
• To change behavior

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4. Behavioral Perspective

• View of Mind and/or Behavior
• No focus on mind. Why?
• To change behaviors

Pretend that you fail psychology class. You
become depressed. In turn, you begin to binge and
gain weight.
What do you think a behaviorist may do?
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5. Humanist Perspective

• View of Mind and/or Behavior
• Our ideal self (the person we want to be) not
  matching our actual-self (the person we really
  are)
• Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
• To change behavior

I possess the resources to grow
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6. Cognitive Perspective

• View of Mind and/or Behavior
• To Change Behavior

She flat out rejects you
You meet a girl Hopes are high!!!
How do you react to the rejection?
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7. Social-Cultural Perspective

• View of the Mind and/or Behavior
• Examples
• To change behavior

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Examples of the Biopsychosocial Approach

• How would a psychologist approach someone who is
  obese and is having difficulty losing weight?
• What are some of the possible causes and
  solutions?

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Psychologys Big Debate

• Nature Versus Nurture
• Are our behaviors/traits influenced more by our
  genes (nature) or by our experiences (nurture)
• Examples

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Fields of PsychologyApplied V. Basic Research

• Basic Research goal is to increase knowledge of
  field.
• Example

• Applied Research goal is to solve practical
  problems
• Example

Theory that depression is caused by, among other
things, chemical imbalances in the brain
Research on drug therapies to treat depression
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Psychologys Subfields

• Psychometrics measurement of human abilities.
• Ex. Creates aptitude tests like SAT, personality
  questionnaires
• Basic Research research in psychology to
  increase our knowledge of the field.
• Examples
• Developmental psychology- change throughout the
  human life span (develop, grow, age)
• Educational psychology how psych processes
  affect teaching and learning
• Personality psychology individual traits
• Social psychology - how humans relate to one
  another

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Psychologys Subfields

• Applied Research using what youve learned to
  help others
• Examples
• Industrial/organizational psychology
• Human factors psychology
• Counseling psychology
• Clinical psychology
• Psychiatry
• Community Psychology

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Psychologys Subfields

• Applied Research using what youve learned to
  help others
• Examples
• Community Psychology
• Forensic Psychology
• School Psychology
• Sports Psychology