Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

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Engage

• ATP Gun
• Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)
• Adenosine
• Ribose Sugar
• 3 Phosphates

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ExploreCellular Respiration Simulation

• To review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding
  in understanding the relationship among
  glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC.

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ExplainWhere do our cells get energy?

• 6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for
  cell
• What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars?
• Carbohydrates
• Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP
  energy

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Overall Chemical Process

• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O usable energy
• (ATP)

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Cellular Respiration (3-stages)

• Glycolysis
• Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
• Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Glycolysis
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
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Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) ATP
Glucose(C6H1206) Oxygen(02)
Glycolysis
KrebsCycle
ElectronTransportChain
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Figure 93 Glycolysis
Glycolysis Step 1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain
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Figure 93 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain
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Figure 93 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain
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• Where? Cytoplasm
• NO O2 required
• Energy Yield? net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of
  2 ATP
• 6-C glucose ? TWO 3-C pyruvates
• Free e- and H combine with organic ion carriers
  called NAD ? NADH H
• (nicotinamide dinucleotide)

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Summary

• In
• Glucose (6-C)
• 2 ATP

• Out
• 2 pyruvate 2(3-C)
• 2NADH
• a net of 2 ATP

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Questions

• Where does glycolysis take place?
• Glycolysis energy yield?
• Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

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The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
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Figure 96 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
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Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid

• Where? mitochondria
• Pyruvate (3-C) ? Acetic acid (2-C)
• 3rd C forms CO2
• Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form
  ACETYL-CoA

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Summary

• In
• Pyruvate
• NAD
• CoA

• Out
• CO2 (as waste)
• NADH
• Acetyl-CoA

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What is releasing Energy with O2?

• Aerobic respiration
• Where? In mitochondria

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Second Step Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

• Where? Mitochondrial matrix
• Energy Yield? 2 ATP and more e-
• Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C
  CITRIC ACID
• Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C
• Gives off a CO2 molecule
• NAD and FAD pick up the released e-
• FAD becomes FADH2
• NAD becomes NADH H
• Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

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Krebs Cycle
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The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
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Figure 96 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
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ETC

• Where? inner membrane of mitochondria
• Energy Yield? Total of 32 ATP
• O2 combines with TWO H to form H2O
• Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration

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 Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane Space
ATP synthase
Inner Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
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Summary
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Total ENERGY Yield

• Glycolysis? 2 ATP
• Krebs Cycle? 2 ATP
• ETC ? 32 ATP
• Total? 36 ATP

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Elaboration

• Respiration Lab
• Three experiments that review and further explain
  the process of cellular respiration

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What happens if NO O2?

• Cellular respiration process STOPS

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

• Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen
• Simple
• fast
• produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP)

• Aerobic requires oxygen
• Yields large amounts of energy
• What is this energy molecule?
• ATP, ATP, ATP

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Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen

• Anaerobic Respiration
• NO Additional ATP is Formed
• NO O2 leads to Fermentation
• Two Types
• Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Alcoholic Fermentation

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• bacteria, plants and most animals
• After glycolysis?
• 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid
• Sometimes happens in your muscles,
  cramps-----Exercise

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• Bacteria and fungi (yeast)
• Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end
  products
• Process used to form beer, wine, and other
  alcoholic beverages
• Also used to raise dough, bread

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Cellular Respiration Review

• Three Main Stages
• Glycolysis (2 ATP)
• Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)
• Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

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Figure 93 Glycolysis
Glycolysis Step 1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain
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Figure 93 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain
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Figure 93 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acid
To the electron transport chain
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The Krebs Cycle Step 2
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
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Figure 96 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
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 Electron Transport Chain Step 3
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane Space
ATP synthase
Inner Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
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Evaluation

• Cellular Respiration Concept Map