Ionic Bonding

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Ionic Bonding
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Ionic Bonding

• Metals
• Electron donors
• Donate their valence electrons to become a
  positive ion (cation)
• Nonmetals
• Electron acceptors
• Accept valence electrons to become a negative ion
  (anion)

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Ionic Bonding
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Ionic Bonding
The two oppositely charged ions are attracted to
each other by a force called an ionic bond
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Monatomic Cations Name
H Hydrogen
Li Lithium
Na Sodium
K Potassium
Mg2 Magnesium
Ca2 Calcium
Ba2 Barium
Al3 Aluminum
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Monatomic Anions Name
F- Fluoride
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide
I- Iodide
O2- Oxide
S2- Sulfide
N3- Nitride
P3- Phosphide
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Properties of Ionic Compounds
Structure Crystalline solids
Melting point Generally high
Boiling Point Generally high
Electrical Conductivity Excellent conductors, molten and aqueous
Solubility in water Generally soluble
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NaCl Crystal Lattice
Ionic compounds form solids at SATP.
Ionic compounds organize in a characteristic
crystal lattice of alternating positive and
negative ions.
All lattices are arranged so that each ion has
the greatest possible number of oppositely
charged ions close by, while keeping similarly
charged ions as far away as possible
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Representing Ionic CompoundsLewis Diagrams

• Formation of sodium chloride

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Lewis Structures for Ionic Compounds
Ba and O
BaO
Mg and Cl
MgCl2
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Representing Ionic CompoundsCriss-Cross Method
For monatomic ions Take the absolute value
of the ionic charge for the cation and make it
the subscript for the anion and vice
versa. Example Al3 and Cl- The 3 becomes
the subscript for the chloride ion and the 1
becomes understood for aluminum. Forming
aluminum chloride AlCl3
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Representing Ionic CompoundsCriss-Cross Method
For polyatomic ions Additional step of
including brackets around the polyatomic ion if
it has a subscript other than one. Example
Mg2 and OH- The 2 becomes the subscript
for the hydroxide ion, but brackets are needed to
indicate 2 of each the O and the H. The 1
becomes the understood subscript for Mg.
Forming magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
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Polyatomic Ions

• NICK the CAMEL ate a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
• Underlined letter represents the symbol of the
  element.
• The consonants represent the number of oxygen
• The vowels represent the negative charge.
• Eg. Underlined letter N
• Number of consanants 3 represents oxygens
• Number of vowels 1 represents charge
• NO3- Nitrate

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Practice Problems
p. 68 1,4 p. 71 1-5 p. 73 8-14 p. 74 1-5