Movements Against Imperialism

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Movements Against Imperialism

• Social Studies 9
• Ms. Rebecca

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Last Unit

• You learned about how some lands became colonies
  of other European countries.
• Do you think these colonies wanted independence
  from their colonial rulers?

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YES!

• Example British Colonies
• After World War One (WWI), many of Great
  Britains colonies began to fight against
  imperialism. They were tired of being ruled by
  outsiders.

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It was hard for the British to stop independence
movements

• Because they had so many colonies that it was
  hard to keep track of the nationalist movements
  within the entire empire.

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This is just like what happened when the Ottoman
Empire fell apart!
http//static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/ottoman
-empire2.gif
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Great Britain in the Middle East

• Great Britain once controlled any lands in North
  Africa and Southwest Asia.
• Ex Egypt
• British Museum Exhibit

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ceb4aee.jpg
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Egypt

• Egypt had been a protectorate of Great Britain,
  but they wanted to be totally independent of
  British rule so they started to revolt against
  the British in Egypt.

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AAAAAAAAAm0/jfWiVWGrYSE/s320/40demoegypt.jpg
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Egypt gets independence

• In 1922.
• BUT British troops stayed in Egypt and Great
  Britain continued to control Egypts relations
  with other countries.

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Palestine

• After WWI, Palestine became a mandate of Great
  Britain. Palestine was under the control of Great
  Britain.
• Why? Great Britain didnt think Palestinians
  knew how to govern themselves.

http//www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_
images/Palestine_British_Mandate_1920.jpg
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What kind of people lived in Palestine?

• Most were Arab.
• Some European Jews also moved into Palestine
  because it was where some important things
  happened according to the Jewish religion. (King
  Davids Palace)

http//nasrahoriagabriel.files.wordpress.com/2009/
07/arabs20on20horses202.jpg
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Zionism

• During this time (the 1900s) many Jewish people
  felt that they should move to Palestine because
  it was the Jewish homeland according the Bible.

http//gr.altermedia.info/images/Zionism.jpg
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Conflict

• The Arab people who were already living in
  Palestine didnt want a bunch of European Jews to
  move into their land.

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AAAAAAAAAlk/eJPRg0xYQGs/s400/angry-arabs21.jpg
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The British had to decide which side to support

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Support the Jews?

• Many Jewish people living in Europe were very
  rich and powerful and the British knew that if
  they supported to Jewish homeland in Palestine,
  Jewish people living in Europe would support the
  British if they got into a war.

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Support the Arabs?

• The Arabs had been on the land in Palestine
  first. It seemed fair that they should be able
  to keep their land.
• The Arabs had also helped the British defeat the
  Ottoman Empire in World War I. The British owed
  the Arabs their support

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The British decided to support the Jews

• British official Arthur Balfour wrote a letter
  supporting the idea of the Jewish homeland in
  Palestine. The letter was called The Balfour
  Declaration.

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Adding to the conflict

• During WWII, many Jews were being killed in
  Europe so they ran away and many moved into
  Palestine so they wouldnt be killed.

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Adding to the conflict

• This led to fighting between Jewish settlers and
  Arabs. This fighting continues today!
• Palestine is smaller than it once was and part of
  it is now Israel. Jewish people live in Israel.
  The Jews in Israel continue to try to take more
  land from the Palestinians.

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Independence movements in India

• India was Great Britains biggest and richest
  colony.
• But, like most British colonies, India wanted
  independence from Great Britain.

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Help during the world wars

• Like the Arabs and Egyptians, Indian soldiers
  also helped the British fight during WWI.

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Help during the world wars

• After WWI was over, the Indian people felt that
  the British should appreciate the help the
  Indians gave them during the war and grant their
  independence.

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Indians felt they were ready for independence

• Indians learned English and about British
  culture. Some even traveled to England to go to
  school to learn about British government and laws
  to model Indian government on Great Britain.

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Mohandas K. Gandhi

• Gandhi was one man who went to Great Britain to
  study law. He had great respect for Great
  Britain and their government.

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Mohandas K. Gandhi

• Gandhi believed that Indians were ready to govern
  themselves but Great Britain refused to give
  India independence.
• So Gandhi started a movement for independence.

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Non-Violence

• Gandhi believed that violence against the
  British was not the way to get independence.

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Boycott

• Instead, Gandhi believed in non-violent method
  like boycotting English goods or refusing to buy
  anything that was British.

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Civil Disobedience

• Gandhi also encouraged his followers to not
  follow British laws that were unfair to Indian
  citizens. One example of such a law was a high
  tax on salt. Indian people could ONLY buy salt
  from the British government and it was against
  the law to try to make your own salt.

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Salt March

• So, Gandhi decided to spread word that he was
  going to break the law and get his own salt from
  the ocean. He got many followers to walk with
  him all the way to the ocean to get salt,
  breaking the British law.

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No Taxes

• Gandhi also encouraged Indian people to refuse to
  pay unfair British taxes.

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Results

• Gandhi and his supporters were thrown in jail
  many times and some were beaten by the police.
• But they NEVER attacked the British back. They
  never used violence against the British.

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Results

• Over time, people really came to love Gandhi and
  felt VERY strongly that the British were treating
  Indians unfairly.
• Indians got together and created their own
  constitution and elected their own government
  representatives in 1935

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Indian Independence

• In 1947, India finally gained independence.
• But during the movement for independence Indians
  began to have different ideas about how their
  country should be governed because of relgious
  differences.

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Religious differences in India.

• Most Indians were Hindus but millions of other
  Indians belonged to the Muslim (Islam) religion.
  
• Hindus and Muslims disagreed about how people
  should live.

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Differences between Hindus and Muslims

• 1. Hindus have many gods
• Muslims have only one god.
• 2. Hindus believe cows are holy and do not eat
  beef
• Muslims believe that pork is dirty and do not eat
  pork
• 3. Hindus have the idea that people who are rich
  or poor deserve their fate so they dont need to
  be treated equally. (Caste system)
• Muslims believe that the only way to go to Heaven
  is to follow Islam. Non-Muslim practices like
  eating pork are EVIL

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Differences between Hindus and Muslims

• Hindus and Muslims didnt understand one another
  and they began to fight.
• Gandhi was assassinated by a Muslim.
• In just one day, fighting between Hindus and
  Muslims led to more that 5,000 deaths.

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Great Britain tries to help

• To try to make India peaceful, Great Britain
  split India into 2 countries (one was Hindu and
  the other was Muslim).
• India Hindu
• Pakistan Muslim

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Reflection Questions

• 1. Why did colonies want independence?
• 2. What are two examples of colonies that gained
  independence and became their own countries?
• 3.How did Gandhi think Indians should try to get
  independence from Great Britain?