Bluetooth Introduction

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Bluetooth Introduction
Guoxin Zheng School of Communication and
Information Engineering Shanghai University
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Architecture Overview

• Overview
• Technically
• Topology
• Radio/Baseband
• Protocol stack
• ModulesSilicon
• Development Kits
• Qualification

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World Penetration
All (SP,GER, UK, FRA, ITA) - Distribution by
Price segment of Total Sales Volume(units)
Industry Forecast in million phones
1995
(est.)
SourceEricsson
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Forecast Worldwide Sales 2005
1000
Internet connection device
cameras misc.
900
Remote control
portable computers and PDAs
800
printers
CD-player
700
mobile accessories
TV/VCR/DVD
600
Million units
500
desktop accessories
telephone answering devices
400
mobile phones
300
200
cordless phones
100
desktop PCs
Mobile devices
Desktop devices
Consumer electronics
Source IDC, Strategy Analytics, Ericsson, Silver
Institute
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The Future?

• Mobile phones is by far the largest segment
  within Mobile Devices
• 250 million mobile phones will be sold year 2000
• 630 million mobile phones will be sold year 2005
• Desktop PCs is the largest segment in Desktop
  Devices
• 80 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2000
• 140 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2005
• Cordless phones is the largest segment in
  Consumer Electronics Devices
• 150 million cordless phones will be sold year
  2000
• 350 million cordless phones will be sold year 2005

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What does Bluetooth do for you?
Landline
Usage Models
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Design a radio to replace the cable and its
connectors

• Design Goals
• Small implementation size
• Low implementation cost
• Low power consumption
• Secure and robust for open ISM band
• Challenges
• Fast frequency hopping
• Single chip integration

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Global Operation
Industrial - Scientific - Medical 80 MHz at 2.45
GHz Globally available Unlicensed and free to use
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Unprecedented Cross Industry Commitment

• Special Interest Group
• Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba
• And today there are more than 2000 Bluetooth
  adopters...

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Technically Speaking . . .
Bluetooth Radio

• Small Size
• 0.5 square inches in production
• Eventually moving to a single chip solution
• Low power
• 2.7V (1.62 - 2.75V)
• 300 ?A standby, 30 ?A in sleep, 60 ?A hold/park
• 3 - 30 mA when transmitting
• 1 or 100 mW active power
• Low Price
• 25 projected to come down to around 5 OEM
  integration cost
• Designed for CMOS single chip solution

Bluetooth Link Controller

• Bluetooth Module

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Technical Features

• 2.4 GHz ISM Open band
• Globally free available frequency, 89 MHz of
  spectrum available
• FFH/DS Hybrid Radio
• 10 -100 m range, personal bubble
• 8 active devices per piconet (share datarate)
• Up to 10 piconets in bubble (full datarate)
• 1 Mbps gross rate
• Future version 2 Mbps
• Simultaneous voice/data capable
• 432 Kbps (full duplex), 721/56 Kbps (asymmetric)
• or
• 3 simultaneous full duplex voice per piconet
  (CVSD_at_64 Kbps).
• or a combination of data and voice

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Battery Life Time

• Estimates calculated with 600 mAh battery and
  internal amplifier, power will vary with
  implementation and application
• Low power consumption
• Standby current 0.3 mA
• gt 3 months
• Voice mode 10 mA (one voice channel)
• gt 60 hours
• Data mode average 6 mA (20 utilization)
• gt 100 hours
• Low Power Architecture
• Programmable data length (else radio sleeps)
• Hold and Park modes 60 µA
• Devices connected but not participating
• Device can participate within 2 ms

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Robust Data and Voice Transfer

• Bluetooth is designed to be robust
• Open band interference is negotiated by
• 1600 frequency hops/s
• Short and flexible data packets
• Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
• Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• 16 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check
• Speech coding
• Continuos Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD)

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Bluetooth Scalable Security

• Provides link layer security between any two
  Bluetooth radios
• Authentication (E1 algorithm)
• Challenge/Response system
• Encryption (privacy)
• Encrypts data between two devices
• Stream cipher with E0 algorithm
• Key management and usage
• Configurable Encryption key length (0-16 bytes)
• Government export regulations
• Radio negotiate key size
• Key generation with E2-E3 algorithms
• Authentication and Encryption keys

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Topology

• Radio range has two varieties
• Short range (10 meters or less)
• 0 dBm radio, 1mW
• Optimized for short range devices
• Headset, Mouse, Keyboard, etc. ...
• Longer range (100 meters or less)
• 20 dBm radio, 100 mW
• Module has a power amplifier built-in
• Optimized for devices changing environments
• Notebooks, cellphones, access points, etc.

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Topology

• Radio/Baseband
• Master/Slave medium access
• Radio/Baseband is symmetric
• Connected devices can be master or slave
• Could be master and slave concurrently

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Topology

• Piconet
• All devices in a piconet hop together
• Frequency hopping sequence is determined by the
  masters ID
• Phase of the frequency hopping sequence is
  determined by the masters clock

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Topology

• Piconet
• Point to Point
• Point to Multipoint
• No base station is needed
• 8 concurrent devices
• More than 200 active devices
• 1 Mb/s gross rate

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Topology

• Scatternet
• Devices can share piconets
• Interpiconet communication
• Instant Ad-hoc connections
• 10 Piconets
• Aggregated 10 Mb/s

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Topology

• Mobile Topology
• All device are mobile
• Walknet
• The whole piconet cell is mobile
• Make and Brake Connections

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Topology, Scatternet
slave 1
slave 3
slave 4
master
master
slave 2
slave 5
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Frequency Hopping
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Connection Procedure

• Standby
• Waiting to join a piconet
• Inquire
• Finding devices
• Page
• Connect to a known device
• Connected
• Actively on a piconet (master or slave)
• Park/Hold
• Low Power connected states

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Page and Inquire Scans

• A radio must be enabled to accept pages or
  inquires (also in connected state)

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Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Provided
vCard
vCal
Still Image
Obex
WAP
Application Framework
Adapted
Control
RFComm
HID
TCP/IP
Basic
L2CAP
HCI
Audio
Link Man.
Baseband
Radio
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Ericsson Bluetooth CoreFunctional Partitioning
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Radio Module

• Filters and baluns integrated into LTCC substrate
• RF IC flip chip mounted
• Laser trimming used to optimize performance
• 100mW optional version with PA and Optional Gain
  Control (- 30 to 20 dBm)
• Small outline BGA type package
• 1mW 10.2 x 14 x 1.6 mm
• 100mW 10.2 x 16 x 1.6 mm

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First Complete Module
Antenna
Radio
Link Controller
Flash
Host interface USB UART/PCM
(Optional)
PA
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First Complete Module

• Key Features
• FCC type approved
• Interface through USB, UART or PCM
• Bluetooth 1.0 pre-certified
• USB 1.1 compliant (Voice and Data)
• Small size, 33x17x3.36 mm
• Generic SW (HCI, L2CAP, RFCOMM)

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Complete Module SW-stack
Higher Layers
L2CAP
HCI
Bluetooth host
Bluetooth complete module
HCI
Link Manager
BaseBand
Radio
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What is the Developers Kit?

• Demonstrator of Bluetooth technology
• Starter kit for product development
• Application software development platform
• Increase integration with option to do embedded
  SW

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Qualification and Type Approval
Bluetooth Devices
Qualification Program
Regulatory Type Approval
Bluetooth Identity
'License to sell'

Global Market
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Qualification Program - Concept
Accreditation
Product including documentation and declaration
(ICS)
Authorized Test houses
Blue- tooth Quali- fication Body
Feedback
Test results
Manufacturer
Logo approval
Authorize
Bluetooth Administrative Instance
Preliminary!
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Bluetooth Moves Fast...

• Web sites for latest news
• www.bluetooth.com
• www.ericsson.se/bluetooth
• WWW.bluetoothinchina.com

END
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