Chapter 6 A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell
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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Nucleus
• Chromatin v. chromosomes
• Nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes
• Nuclear pores.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Nucleus

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Ribosomes
• Build proteins
• Can be free or bound to ER or to nuclear envelope.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Ribosomes

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Endomembrane system
• ER
• Golgi
• Lysosomes
• Vacuoles
• All connected directly or through vesicles.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Continuous with nuclear envelope
• Network of cisternae
• Smooth vs. rough.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Smooth ER
• Lacks ribosomes
• Synthesizes lipids
• Synthesizes steroid hormones
• Stores Ca2 in muscle
• Detoxifies poisons in liver.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Rough ER
• Has bound ribosomes
• Produces cell membrane
• Produces secretory proteins
• Products distributed by vesicles.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Endoplasmic reticulum

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Golgi Apparatus
• Finishes, sorts, and ships products
• Stacks of cisternae
• Cis face and trans face
• Also synthesizes some macromolecules on its own.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Golgi Apparatus

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Lysosomes
• Digestive compartments
• Hydrolytic enzymes
• Recycling
• Phagocytosis

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Vacuoles
• Diverse functions
• Plants have large central vacuole

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Mitochondria
• Cellular respiration
• Outer inner membranes, cristae
• Matrix intermembrane space

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• cristae
• cisternae

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• intermembrane space
• matrix

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Mitochondria

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Chloroplasts
• Photosynthesis using chlorophyll
• Two membranes surround stroma
• Thylakoids stacked into grana

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Chloroplasts
• Photosynthesis using chlorophyll
• Two membranes surround stroma
• Thylakoids stacked into grana
• stroma ? stoma

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• Intermembrane space
• stroma
• lumen

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• stoma

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Chloroplasts

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Peroxisomes
• Generate and degrade H2O2.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Cytoskeleton
• Microtubules
• Microfilaments
• Intermediate filaments.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microtubules
• Grow from centrosome
• Shape the cell
• Guide movement of organelles
• Help separate chromosomes in cell division
• Cilia and flagella are microtubule doublets with
  dynein.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microtubules

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microtubules

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microtubules

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microtubules

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microfilaments
• Thin rods of actin
• Muscle contraction
• Amoeboid movement
• Cytoplasmic streaming
• Support for microvilli.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microfilaments

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microfilaments

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microfilaments

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Microfilaments

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Intermediate filaments
• Dont worry about them.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Cell walls
• Cell walls around plant cells are made mostly of
  cellulose.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Extra-cellular matrix (ECM)
• Support
• Adhesion
• Movement
• Regulation
• Animal cells secrete glycoproteins
• Collagen, etc.

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Extra-cellular matrix (ECM)

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Chapter 6A (more detailed) Tour of the Cell

• Intercellular junctions
• In plants
• Plasmodesmata
• In animals
• Tight junctions
• Desmosomes
• Gap junctions.

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