CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33 Review of Nineteenth Century Europe

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CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33Review of
Nineteenth Century Europe
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Nineteenth Century Europe
I. Revival in French speaking Europe
A. Swiss revival
Background Francis Turretin (1523-1600)
Robert Haldane (1764-1847)
Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans
J. H. Merle dAubigne (1794-1872)
History of the Reformation
1849 Free Reformed Church - Geneva
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B. New life in France
Background
Church in the desert
1802 Reformed churches legally recognized
Monod brothers
Adolph Monod (1802-1856)
Farewell
as a dying man to dying men
AN UNDIVIDED LOVELoving and Living for
ChristAdolphe Monod, Translated and
Edited by Constance K. Walker

• I have a Savior! He has freely saved me through
  his shed blood, and I want it to be known that I
  lean uniquely on that poured out blood. All my
  righteous acts, all my works which have been
  praised, all my preaching that has been
  appreciated and sought afterall that is in my
  eyes only filthy rags.

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II. Renewal in the Netherlands
A. Revolutionary (Enlightenment) thought
B. Groen van Prinsterer The Secession of 1834
Reformed Church
C. 1886 De Doleantie or the weeping
D. 1892 Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
Pastor, newspaper editor, Prime Minister
Educator Free University of Amsterdam (1880)
Theologian Stone lectures at Princeton Seminary
(1898)
Neo-Calvinism Reformed world and life view
Gods greatness and almightiness do not limit
and bind themselves to the narrower domain of
salvation of souls but permeate our whole human
life. And with every one of us, according to our
talents and calling, love for God must express
itself in every department of life with equal
zeal and power.
Abraham Kuyper 1837-1920
To Be Near Unto God
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Christianity Liberalism
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How or why did many churches fall away from
orthodoxy to liberalism?
The Importance of Ideas
False ideas are the greatest obstacles to the
reception of the Gospel. We may preach with all
the fervor of a Reformer and yet only succeed in
winning a straggler here and there if we permit
the whole collective thought of the nation or of
the world to be controlled by ideas, which by
the resistless force of logic prevent
Christianity from being regarded as anything more
than a harmless delusion. Under such
circumstances, what God desires us to do is to
destroy the obstacle at its root. Many would have
the seminaries combat error by attacking it as it
is taught by its popular exponents. Instead of
that, seminaries confuse their students with a
lot of German names unknown outside the walls of
the universities. That method or procedure is
based simply upon a profound belief in the
pervasiveness of ideas. What is today a matter of
academic speculation begins tomorrow to move
armies and pull down empires. J. Gresham
Machen
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1. Five influence books

Ideas came from renaissance, romanticism,
rationalism

• On Religion Speeches to its Cultured Despisers
  (1799)
• Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1824)

Christianity is not in ideas, books, morality,
but in religious consciousness
The moving of religion from confessions,
propositional truth, to subjective, what I feel
inside me
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1. Origin of the Species (1859) Charles Darwin
   (1809-82)

An explanation for almost everything the place
God had previously held in peoples minds
No matter how crooked the road from Darwin to
Hitler, clearly Darwinism and eugenics smoothed
the path for Nazi ideology, especially for the
Nazi stress on expansion, war, racial struggle,
and racial extermination From Darwin To
Hitler Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism
in Germany Richard Weikart
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3. Essays and Reviews (1860)
Liberal Manifesto by 7 clergymen of the Ch of
England
Basic premise read the bible like you read any
other book
11,000 clergymen opposed
Ideas never fully go away
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4. The Christian Doctrine of Justification and
Reconciliation (1874) Albrecht Ritschl (1822-89)
Christianity is not what you believe but what you
do
Social Gospel
the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man
Liberal sermon theme Let me suggest that you
try to be good
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5. What is Christianity? (1900) Adolph Harnack
(1851-1930)
What is the essence or the kernel of
Christianity?
The personality of Jesus
Why would anyone crucify the Christ of liberal
Protestantism?
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C. Failure of liberalism in life and doctrine
World War I
Optimistic humanism dies in the face of the evil
of WWI
All that horrible long night I walked along the
rows of dying men, and much of my German
classical philosophy broke down.
2 reasons for liberalisms failure
1)Failure to produce real answers
Paul Tillich 1886-1965
2) Failure to produce real Christians
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They would have to sing better songs to me that
I might believe in their redeemer his disciples
would have to look more redeemed
Friedrich Nietzsche 1844-1900
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Liberalism taught that a God without wrath
brought men without sin into a kingdom without
judgment through the ministrations of a Christ
without a cross.
H. Richard Niebuhr 1894-1962
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II. Orthodoxy
What was it doing during this time?
A. Two sermons of 1922
1. Shall the Fundamentalists Win
First Presbyterian Ch, NYC
Riverside Church
Harry Emerson Fosdick 1878-1969
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2. Shall Unbelief Win?
Clarence E. McCartney
B. Christianity and Liberalism 1923) J. Gresham
Machen
1891-1937
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Outline of Christianity and Liberalism
1. Introduction
2. Doctrine
3. God and man
4. The Bible
5. Christ
6. Salvation
7. The Church
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III. Neo-orthodoxy
1. Trained as a liberal
2. Crisis what do I preach?
3. Rediscovery of the Bible
4. Rediscovery of the Reformers and the
Protestant orthodox theologians
Heppes Reformed Dogmatics
Karl Barth (1886-1968)
God is God !