Middle East

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Middle East

• Governments

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Review! Match the word and definition.

1. Unitary
2. Confederation
3. Federal
4. Autocracy
5. Oligarchy
6. Democracy
7. Parliamentary Democracy
8. Presidential Democracy

• People vote for Parliamentary members
• Local governments hold the power
• Rule by the people
• Rule by a few
• Rule by one
• The central government holds all the power
• Power is shared by central and local governments
• People vote for the president separately from the
  legislature.

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Answers to Review

1. F
2. B
3. G
4. E
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. H

How did you do?
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Vocabulary write voc words on your voc. cards.

• Knesset The Israeli Parliament
• Monarchy Rule by a king or a queen
• Absolute Monarchy type of government in which
  the King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power
• Theocracy a type of government in which God is
  seen as the true leader and religious leaders
  serve as the political leaders
• Theocratic Republic a type of government which
  has both religious leaders serving as political
  leaders and a popularly elected president and
  legislature
• Autocracy a type of government in which the
  ruler has absolute power to do whatever he wishes
  and make and enforce whatever laws he chooses
  rule by one

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Vocabulary

• Oligarchy type of government in which a
  political party or other small group takes over a
  government and makes all the major decisions
  government by the few
• Democracy a type of government in which people
  play a much greater role in deciding who the
  leaders are and what decisions are made rule by
  the people
• Unicameral One legislative house
• Federal a political system in which power is
  shared between the national (central) and local
  governments
• Sharia Law The law as stated in Islam's holy
  book, the Qur'an
• Constitutional Monarchy type of government in
  which the power of the king or queen is limited
  by a constitution

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Vocabulary

• Presidential In this type of democratic
  government, people elect the president and the
  legislature separately.
• Totalitarian Dictatorship The ideas of a single
  leader are glorified the government is not
  responsible to the people and tries to control
  all aspects of citizens' lives.
• Confederation a political system in which the
  local governments hold all the power and the
  central government depends on the local
  governments for its existence
• Unitary in this political system, the central
  government holds all the power local governments
  are under the control of the central government.
• Parliamentary a democratic form of government in
  which the people vote for those who represent the
  political party they feel best represents their
  views of how the government should operate
  (member of parliament)
• Ayatollah a Shia religious leader

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GPS and E.Q.

• GPS SS7CG4a. Describe the ways government systems
  distribute power unitary, confederation,
  federal.
• E.Q. How do government systems distribute power?

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Ways Government Distributes Power Unitary
Central has all power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Unitary (Uni- means 1 all power is in 1 place)

• Power is held by the national (central)
  government.
• Local governments, if any, are under the national
  governments control.
• Example Saudi Arabia

King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa
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Ways Government Distributes Power Confederation
Regional/Local has all power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Confederation

• The local governments hold all the power.
• The central government has only as much power as
  the local governments are willing to give.
• Nowadays - countries form confederations to band
  together for a specific purpose.
• Examples
• the League of Arab States
• OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting
  Countries)

OPEC
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• Ways Government Distributes Power
• Federation / Federal

Divided/Shared Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Federal

• Power is shared or divided among different levels
  of government.
• The central or national government has more power
  than the local governments.
• Example Israel

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Ways Government Distributes Power
All key powers are held by the central government
State/regional authorities hold most of the power
Unitary

• Federal

• Confederation

Strong central government
Weaker central government
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Sample Test Question

• In Nigerias government, power is divided between
  Central and regional authorities. This is an
  example of which government type?
• A. Unitary
• B. Confederation
• C. Federal
• Federal

Corresponds to SS6- CG1a, CG4a, CG6a SS7- CG1a ,
CG4a, CG6a
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CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99

• 282. In a unitary government system, most of the
  power is in the hands of the
• A. individual voters
• B. king and advisors
• C. local governments
• D. central government
• D. Central government

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CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99

• 283. Which of the following countries would be a
  good example of a unitary government?
• A. Israel
• B. Lebanon
• C. Saudi Arabia
• D. the United States
• C. Saudi Arabia

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CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99

• 284. In a confederation government system, most
  of the power is in the hands of the
• A. legislature
• B. Individual voters
• C. Local governments
• D. Central government
• C. Local governments

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CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99

• 285. What is a weakness of a confederation
  government system?
• A. A confederation is very expensive.
• B. Confederations are too large to rule
  effectively.
• C. A confederation does not share power with its
  members.
• D. The central government has only as much power
  as the local governments are willing to give.
• D. The central government has only as much power
  as the local governments are willing to give.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 98-99

• 286. Which Southwest Asian country would be a
  good example of a federal system of government?
• A. Iran
• B. Israel
• C. Kuwait
• D. Saudi Arabia
• B. Israel

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GPS and E.Q.

• GPS SS7CG4b. Explain how governments determine
  citizen participation autocratic, oligarchic,
  and democratic.
• E.Q. How do governments determine citizen
  participation?

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
High Participation
High Participation
General Citizens Participation
Select Citizens Participation
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation

• Democracy

Oligarchic
Autocratic
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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Autocratic
One person possesses unlimited power. The
citizen has limited, if any, role in government.
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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Autocratic

• The oldest form of government.
• One of the most common forms of government.
• Maintain power through inheritance or ruthless
  use of military and police power.

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Forms of Autocratic Govts.

• Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship
• Ideas of a single leader glorified.
• Government tries to control all aspects of
  social and economic life.
• Government is not responsible to the people.
• People lack the power to limit their rulers.
• Examples- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Forms of Autocratic Govts.

• Absolute Monarchy
• King, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme
  powers of government/unlimited power.
• Position is usually inherited.
• People lack the power to limit their rulers.
• Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the
  1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of Western
  Europe.
• Examples- King of Saudi Arabia.

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Oligarchy
Government by the few. Sometimes a small group
exercises control, especially for corrupt and
selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited
role.
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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Oligarchy

• The group gets its power from military power,
  social power, wealth, religion or a combination.
• Political opposition is usually suppressed-
  sometimes violently.
• Examples
• Syria ruling political party makes most
  decisions
• Iran small group of religious and political
  leaders makes many of the decisions

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Autocracy Oligarchy

• Sometimes claim they rule for the people.
• In reality, the people have very little say in
  both types of government.
• Examples- May hold elections with only one
  candidate or control the results in various ways.
• Examples- Even when these governments have a
  legislature or national assembly, they often only
  approve decisions made by the leaders.

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Democracy

• People play a greater role in deciding who the
  leaders are and what decisions are made.
• Decisions are often made by majority vote, but
  laws are in place to protect individuals.
• Examples- Israel

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Sample Test Question

• What is a basic way citizens of a democratic
  nation can influence the government?
• A. voting
• B. working
• C. obeying laws
• D. consuming goods
• voting

OAS Database Question - Corresponds to SS6-
CG1b, CG4b, CG6b SS7- CG1b , CG4b, CG6b
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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 287. Who makes most of the important governmental
  decisions in an autocracy?
• A. the ruler
• B. the people
• C. the court system
• D. the elected legislature
• A. The ruler

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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 288. Which Southwest Asian country could be
  described as an autocracy?
• A. Iraq
• B. Israel
• C. Turkey
• D. Saudi Arabia
• D. Saudi Arabia

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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 289. Who makes most of the important governmental
  decisions in an oligarchy?
• A. the king
• B. the people
• C. the legislature
• D. a small group of powerful leaders
• D. A small group of powerful leaders

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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 290. Why do the individual voters have more power
  in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an
  oligarchy?
• A. kings are always cruel rulers.
• B. The voters get to choose the people who make
  the laws.
• C. All of the power stays in the hands of the
  local governments.
• D. Voters in democratic countries always choose
  qualified leaders.
• B. The voters get to choose the people who make
  the laws.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 291. Which Southwest Asian country has a
  democratic form of government?
• A. Iran
• B. Israel
• C. Kuwait
• D. Saudi Arabia
• B. Israel

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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 292. If the Saudi royal family controls the
  government of Saudi Arabia, and the king is the
  ruler, what type of government is this?
• A. unitary
• B. federation
• C. confederation
• D. parliamentary
• A. unitary

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CRCT Test Prep pages 99-100

• 293. If the Saudi royal family controls the
  government of Saudi Arabia, and the king is the
  ruler, which best describes Saudi Arabias
  government?
• A. democracy
• B. dictatorship
• C. monarchy
• D. oligarchy
• C. monarchy

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GPS and E.Q.

• GPS SS7CG4c. Describe the 2 predominate forms of
  democratic governments parliamentary and
  presidential.
• E.Q. How do parliamentary and presidential
  democracies compare?

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Parliamentary Democracy

• People elect legislature or parliament
  (law-makers).
• Executive leaders (prime ministers or premiers)
  are chosen in different ways in different
  countries.
• Leaders may be voted out before the end of their
  term if their political party loses power.
• In Israel, the political party in Parliament with
  the most members chooses the prime minister.

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Presidential Democracy

• Also called Congressional Form of Government.
• President is chosen separately from legislature
  (lawmakers)
• President is chief executive and head of state.
• It is the duty of the president to see that the
  laws passed by the legislature are enforced.
• Presidents do not lose their job if their
  political party loses power.

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Main Difference Between Presidential and
Parliamentary Democracies

• Parliamentary voters elect Parliament
  (legislature).
• Presidential voters elect Congress (legislature)
  AND President.

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Sample Test Question

• In which system of government does the
  legislature select the executive leader of the
  government?
• A. democratic
• B. communist
• C. parliamentary
• D. Totalitarian
• parliamentary

OAS Database Question - Corresponds to SS6-
CG1c, CG4c, CG6c SS7- CG1c , CG4c, CG6c
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Sample Test Question

• Which statement about Israels parliamentary
  system of government today is true?
• A. Members of both houses of Parliament are
  elected for life.
• B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will
  debate.
• C. Members of Parliament do not belong to
  political parties.
• D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by
  voters.
• D

OAS Database Question - Corresponds to SS6-
CG1c, CG4c, CG6c SS7- CG1c , CG4c, CG6c
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CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102

• 294. Which branch of government is responsible
  for making and carrying out the laws in a
  parliamentary system of government?
• A. executive
• B. judicial
• C. legislative
• D. the monarch
• C. legislative

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CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102

• 295. The leader of a parliamentary system is
  often called the
• A. king
• B. president.
• C. governor.
• D. prime minister.
• D. Prime minister.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102

• 296. The leader of a parliamentary system is
  chosen by?
• A. the king
• B. a popular vote of the people
• C. a decision of the national courts
• D. the political party with the most
  representatives in the legislature
• D. The political party with the most
  representatives in the legislature

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CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102

• 297. The Head of State in a parliamentary system
  is often a person who has
• A. no actual power.
• B. a veto for laws passed by the legislature.
• C. the most power in the national government.
• D. a ceremonial role without much actual power.
• D. A ceremonial role without much actual power.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102

• 298. In a presidential system of government, how
  is a president chosen?
• A. by a decision of the national courts
• B. by a majority vote of the legislature
• C. in a separate vote from the one that chooses
  the legislature
• D. by the political party with the most
  representatives in the legislature
• C. In a separate vote from the one that chooses
  the legislature

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CRCT Test Prep pages 101-102

• 299. What is the role of the president regarding
  the laws passed by the legislature?
• A. The president must enforce those laws.
• B. The president can change the laws he doesnt
  like.
• C. The president sends the laws to the states
  for approval.
• D. Laws passed by the legislature do not have to
  go to the president for approval.
• A. The president must enforce those laws.

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Types of Government in the Middle East
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GPS and E.Q.

• GPS SS7CG5a. The student will compare the
  parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel,
  the monarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and
  the theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
• E.Q. How do the governments of Israel, Saudi
  Arabia, and Iran compare?

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Israel - Type of leader

• Israel is a parliamentary democracy.
• The president is head of state and serves in a
  primarily ceremonial role (Shimon Peres).
• The prime minister is the head of government
  (Benjamin Netanyahu).

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Israel Becoming the leader

• President is elected by the Knesset (parliament).
• After election, President nominates a member of
  the Knesset to become the Prime Minister
  (following a vote of confidence from the Knesset)

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Israel Role of Citizen

• Citizens over 18 can vote for members of the
  unicameral legislature called the Knesset.

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Israel Personal Freedoms

• Freedom of Speech Yes
• Freedom of the Press - Yes

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Saudi Arabia

• Saudi Arabia is by far the largest country of the
  Arabian Peninsula.
• Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Mecca,
  Islams holiest city.

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Saudi Arabia

• In the 1920s a local ruler from the Saud family
  of central Arabia conquered his neighbors and in
  1932 created the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Members of the Saud family have ruled the country
  ever since.
• Riyadh, a city near the center of the country,
  became the capital.    

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Saudi Arabia Form of Government

• The government of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic
  Absolute Monarchy ruled by the sons and grandsons
  of the first king, Abd Al Aziz Al Saud.

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Saudi Arabia Form of Government

• Saudi Arabias government has no written
  constitution or elected legislature. However, its
  basic law of government proclaims that the Quran
  is the constitution of the country which is
  governed on the basis of the Sharia (Islamic
  Law).

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Saudi Arabia Title of Leader

• King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud is the
  current King of Saudi Arabia and Head of the
  House of Saud.
• Most government officials are relatives of the
  king.
• The king may ask members of his family, Islamic
  scholars, and tribal leaders for advice on
  important decisions.

Personal wealth 18 billion!!!
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Saudi Arabia Becoming the Leader

• The right of succession is hereditary (passed
  down through the family).
• A newly established council selects a successor
  among the crown princes of the Saudi royal
  family.
• The Kings power is limited by Islamic law and he
  must build consensus among religious leaders and
  other influential Saudis.

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Saudi Arabia Role of Citizen (Voting Rights)

• There are no voting rights or official political
  parties in this country.
• The role of the citizen in Saudi Arabia is to
  obey the King.

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Saudi Arabia Personal Freedoms

• Freedom of Speech No
• Freedom of the Press - No

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Iran Type of Leader

• Iran is a theocratic republic with a presidential
  system.
• The government of Iran is based on Islamic law.
• The Supreme Leader of Iran, who is a religious
  leader, is chief of state and has final say on
  all matters.
• The Supreme Leader is commander-in-chief of the
  armed forces.

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Iran Becoming the Leader

• The Supreme Leader is selected by the Council of
  Experts.
• The Council of Experts, as well as the
  legislature and president, are elected by popular
  vote.
• While the president is head of government, he may
  be removed by the Supreme Leader at any time.

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
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Iran Role of Citizen

• There is universal suffrage (voting) for everyone
  over 18.
• The role of the citizen in Iran is to obey the
  Supreme Leader.

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Iran Personal Freedoms

• Freedom of Speech No
• Freedom of the Press - No

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• Copy following chart onto your DRC (Data
  Retrieval Chart) Compare Governments

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DRC Compare Governments Israel Saudi Arabia Iran
Leader President Prime Minister (Parliamentary Democracy) King (Monarchy) Supreme Leader (Theocratic Republic)
Takes Power by Election Hereditary Selected by Council of Experts
Role of Citizen Vote Obey Obey and Vote
Personal Freedoms Freedom of Speech Yes Press Yes Freedom of Speech No Press No Freedom of Speech No Press No
74
CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 300. The Israeli parliament (legislature) is
  called the
• A. Senate
• B. Knesset
• C. Congress
• D. House of Representatives
• B. Knesset

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 301. What role do religious leaders play in the
  Israeli government?
• A. They have some influence in making laws.
• B. They are not allowed to run for political
  office.
• C. Religious leaders always control which
  candidates are elected.
• D. They are guaranteed a certain number of
  representatives in each election.
• A. They have some influence in making laws.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 302. Who is allowed to vote in Israeli elections?
  
• A. all citizens 16 years of age or older
• B. all citizens 18 years of age or older
• C. only men who can prove they are Israeli
  citizens
• D. only those who were actually born in the
  State of Israel
• B. All citizens 18 years of age or older

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 303. How often are elections for the national
  government held in Israel?
• A. Elections are held every 6 years.
• B. Party members are elected for life.
• C. Religious leaders can require new elections
  whenever they like.
• D. Elections are held every 4 years unless the
  ruling party calls for them to be held sooner.
• D. Elections are held every 4 years unless the
  ruling party calls for them to be held sooner.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 304. Saudi Arabia is ruled by a
• A. king.
• B. popularly elected president.
• C. representative government.
• D. group of leading religious leaders.
• A. king

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 305. How long does a monarch rule?
• A. one elected term
• B. a term of 10 years
• C. as long as Parliament allows him to rule
• D. until he dies or chooses to give up power
• D. Until he dies or chooses to give up power

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 306. What role do the people play in a government
  that is a monarchy like that of Saudi Arabia?
• A. They have the power to vote a ruler out of
  office.
• B. The people get to approve the laws made by
  the ruler.
• C. They are guaranteed certain rights by their
  written constitution.
• D. They have little influence, as the ruler
  makes most decisions.
• D. They have little influence, as the ruler makes
  most decisions.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 307. What is Sharia law?
• A. laws made by the king alone
• B. laws based on Parliamentary democracy
• C. laws based on the teachings of the Quran
• D. laws calling for a separation of church and
  state
• C. laws based on the teachings of the Quran

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 308. What is the definition of a theocracy??
• A. a government that sees God as the supreme
  ruler
• B. a government that allows people to choose the
  leaders
• C. a system in which religious law and civil law
  are separate
• D. a system in which only religious leaders are
  allowed to vote
• A. a government that sees God as the supreme ruler

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 309. Why is Iran sometimes called a theocratic
  republic?
• A. Irans religious leaders make all the laws
  for the country.
• B. Religious leaders decide which Iranian
  citizens can vote.
• C. The people of Iran have no say in choosing
  their government leaders.
• D. Irans government is led by both an elected
  parliament and powerful religious leaders.
• D. Irans government is led by both an elected
  parliament and powerful religious leaders.

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CRCT Test Prep pages 104-105

• 310. What is an Ayatollah?
• A. a Christian priest
• B. a Shia religious leader
• C. The title of a local governor
• D. a leader of a Jewish congregation
• D. a Shia religious leader

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Middle East GovernmentsComic Strip Activity

• Create 3 comic strips one each of
• Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iran
• In each
• Identify the title of the leader.
• Identify how the person becomes the leader.
• Determine what role the citizen plays in the
  government.
• Determine personal freedoms (Freedom of Speech,
  Freedom of the Press).