Objective:

1
Objective

• Know the Proper terms to use when talking about
  horses.
• Be able to recognize some of the different color
  patterns of horses.

2
Horse Terms
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Monday Morning Disease

• Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis/ Azoturia/ Tying
  up
• loins and quarters harden resulting in cramps and
  muscular stiffness when exercised
• Hard working horse gets rest

4
Hindquarters Rear of flank top of tail top
of gaskin
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Pronounced croup jumpers bump
Barrel
Hind cannon shank

• Highest point poll
• Weakest part of back loin behind saddle
• Top of hindquarter hip tail croup
• Hock Stifle Gaskin
• Withers horses height is measured

6
Fistulous Withers (ridge btw shoulder
blades) Inflammation of bursa

• Bony part of tail where hair grows DOCK

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terms
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Drive horse harnes
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Farrier

• Skilled
• Craftsperson who
• Shoes horses

• Shoes distributes the weight of the limb over a
  larger surface area and moves the breakover point
  further back on the foot
• Shoes reduce the stress on the lamellar tissue
  along the front of the foot while consistently
  supporting the sole of the foot

10
Laminitis

• Transient ischemia coagulopathy
• breakdown and degeneration between the horny and
  sensitive laminae

Illustration by Dr. Gheorghe Constantinescu
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Laminitis stance/ Founder
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Hoof
Fungal/bacterial infection in cleft of frog
Frog rubber pad on the sole, shock absorber
13
Mare

• Female horse 4 yrs and older (after 3rd birthday)
• Usually
• after
• having an
• offspring.

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Filly

• Young female horse
• lt 4 yrs old (2-3 yrs old)
• Female foal Filly foal
• Feathering
• Yearling Colt or filly
• btw 1-2 yrs

15
Brood Mare

• Mare that is used strictly for breeding

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Stallion

• Male horse
• STUD
• Uncastrated
• male horse
• Also called
• Entire
• Intact male
• after 3rd birthday

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Colt

• Young male horse
• Uncastrated
• Male horse 4yrs
• Old (2-3 yrs old)

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Gelding

• Male horse castrated before reaching sexual
  maturity

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Foal

• Young Horse
• male or female
• Birth weaning
• 4-7 months
• Up to 1 yr old
• Colt
• filly
• gelding (castrated)

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Jack

• Male donkey

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Jennet (Jenny)

• Female donkey

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HYBRIDS
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Mule

• Offspring of a mare mated to a jack
• More common than hinney
• All male mules and most female mules are infertile

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Hinney

• Offspring of a jenny mated to a stallion

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Zony

• Offspring of a pony mated to zebra stallion

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Zorse

• Offspring of a stallion zebra mated to a mare

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Hand

• Unit of measurement for horses
• A hand is equal to 4 inches.
• The height of a horse is
• measured at the withers.

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Light Horses

• Most horses, usually riding breeds small bones
  and thin legs
• Above 14.2 hands
• 900 1200 lbs.
• AQH, Arabian, Thoroughbreed, Morgan,
  Standarbreed,
• Tennessee walking.

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Draft Horses

• Was developed in Northern Europe as war horses
• Above 16 hands
• 1,500 2,500 lbs
• Large bones and thick
• Percheron, Clydesdale, Belgian

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Pony

• A breed of horse that is under 14.2 hands.
• lt800 lb.
• Welsh, Pony of Americas, Shetland

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Breed registries with color requirements

• Color is not breed
• Pinto, Palomino, Buckskin, American paint horse,
  Appaloosa and Friesian are breeds with distinct
  color

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Horse Colors
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Horse Colors Continued
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Bay
Red reddish brown, with black mane and tail
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Brown
Black and tan
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Sorrel
Reddish brown brownish orange with same color
mane with lighter extremities (if only red
chestnut)
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Dapple Gray
"dapples", which are dark rings with lighter
hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over
the entire body of the animal
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Paint
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Spotted
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Palomino
Pale cream gold with whitish mane and tail
41
Pinto

• White with patches
• of another color
• Piebald white/black
• Skewbald white with any color except black

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Buckskin
Light yellowish with black tail and mane
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White
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Roan
Base color red, black or brown with white hair
that give speckled look, usually darker in head
and lower legs
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Chestnut
Dark red or brownish red
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Brindle horse
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Patient Identification

• Signalment
• Breed, coat color
• Point markings
• 6 4 legs, head, tail
• Standardization is limited
• Sock stocking?
• Coronet pastern?
• Draw/ camera

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Star

• A star is any white marking on the forehead of
  the horse.
• A star can be small, large, regular or irregular
  in shape, in the center of the forehead or off to
  the left or right side of the forehead.

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Stripe or Strip (small marking)

• A stripe or strip is a white marking on the
  bridge of the horse's nose, below the level of
  the eyes and above the level of the nostrils

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• Connected Star and Stripe
• A star is often connected to a stripe and is
  described as a connected star and stripe.
• A stripe or strip can be long, short, wide,
  narrow, centered on the face of the horse or off
  to the left or right side.

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Snip

• A snip is any white mark that is located between
  the nostrils of the horse.
• A snip may be small, large, centered or extend
  into one or both nostrils. A snip is often
  connected to a stripe, and many times with a star
  and stripe.

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Blaze

• A blaze is a wider white marking that usually
  covers the region of a star, stripe and snip, but
  extends to the width of the bridge of the horse's
  nose.

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Bald

• A bald face is a very wide blaze that extends to
  and may cover the eyes, nostrils, and upper lip

Bald face with white extending to lower lip.
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Distal limb joints
Shorter cannon bones better conformation (shanks)
Fetlock joint Lowest joint on the horses leg
Pastern connect hoof to fetlock
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• Heel.-Horses will commonly have a white marking
  that covers one or both heels.
• Coronet.- White covering the coronary band or
  coronet

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• Half Pastern White extending approximately half
  way up the pastern
• Pastern A white marking which includes the entire
  pastern.

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• Fetlock or Ankle A white marking that extends to
  and covers the fetlock.
• Sock A white marking that extends half way up the
  front or rear cannon. Often called a Half
  Stocking

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Stocking A white marking that extends from the
coronet to the knee or hock
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References

• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/
• http//www.thehorse.com/Glossary.aspx?LA
• http//aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/resourcesmag/summer98/on
  e_horse.html
• http//www.horsecolor.com/basics/starting_point.ht
  m
• http//www.vet.upenn.edu/Research/BasicandClinical
  Research/SpeciesBasedResearch/LaminitisInstitute/L
  aminitisFAQs/tabid/1322/Default.aspx
• http//www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile
  htm/bc/90722.htm
• http//www.aaep.org/laminitis.htm