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Chemical Hazard Communication Training(OSHA 29
CFR 1910.1200)
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OSHA Hazard Communication

• This training will cover the following
• What are hazardous chemicals
• How do hazardous chemicals affect the body
• What are the different types of hazardous
  chemicals
• How to read product labels
• How to find critical information in safety data
  sheets
• How to protect yourself from hazardous chemicals

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Hazard Communication

• What is hazard communication?

HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLAN A set of written
standards designed to reduce workplace illness
and injury by ensuring that all employees are
familiar with the names and potential hazards of
the chemicals they handle and understand the
precautions necessary for protecting themselves
and others against any possible risks. Hazard
Communication training is required by OSHA and
the employer.
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Hazard Communication

• What is a hazardous chemical?

A hazardous chemical is any chemical that can
cause injury or illness. Most industrial
chemicals can harm you at some level. It depends
on the level at which you were exposed. Each
individuals sensitivity to chemicals will vary
greatly.
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Hazard Communication
How do hazardous chemicals affect the body?

• The effect a chemical has on the body depends on
  several factors
• The physical form of the chemical
• How the chemical enters the body
• The amount of chemical that actually enters the
  body - the dose
• The toxicity (poisonous) of the chemical.

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Forms of Chemical Exposure
All chemicals exists in one of three
forms Solid
Liquid Gas
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Forms of Chemical Exposure
Solids Dusts and Particulate

• Dust or powder can be released into the air by
  cutting, drilling, grinding or sanding and
  inhaled.
• Dust can also be stirred up by dry sweeping and
  inhaled.

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Forms of Chemical Exposure
Solids Fumes and Fibers

• Fumes are extremely small droplets of solids,
  such as metal formed when it has been vaporized
  by high temperatures (welding)
• Some compounds are fibers which can be similar to
  dusts but they have an elongated shape (like
  asbestos or fiberglass)

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Forms of Chemical Exposure
Solids Dust, Particulates, Fumes Fibers

• Solids in the air can settle out on work
  surfaces, cups, plates, utensils, and food.
• The settled solids can be swallowed with food or
  drinks.

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Forms of Chemical Exposure
Liquids

• Liquids can come into direct contact with the
  skin and be absorbed into the body.
• Liquids can be sprayed and form mists or
  evaporate and form vapors which can be inhaled.
• Airborne mists can also settle out and
  contaminate food or drink.

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Forms of Chemical Exposure
Gases and Vapors

• Gases are chemicals that are in the gas phase at
  room temperature.
• Vapors evaporate from substances that are liquids
  or solids at room temperature.
• Gases and vapors enter the body typically by
  inhalation.

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How Chemicals Enter the Body
There Are Three Principle Routes of Entry

• Ingestion swallowing the chemical
• Inhalation breathing in the chemical
• Absorption the chemical is absorbed into the
  skin surface

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How Chemicals Enter the Body
Ingestion (Swallowing)

• Chemicals that are swallowed are absorbed in the
  digestive tract.
• Chemicals can rub off dirty hands and contaminate
  food, drinks or tobacco products which are
  ingested.
• Chemicals in the air can settle on food or drink
  and be swallowed.

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How Chemicals Enter the Body
Inhalation (Breathing)

• Airborne chemicals are breathed in through the
  mouth or nose and absorbed in the respiratory
  tract.
• The size of particles or droplets can affect
  where the chemical settles in the respiratory
  tract.
• Where the chemical settles in the respiratory
  tract determines what symptoms or diseases will
  develop.

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How Chemicals Enter the Body
Skin Absorption

• Some chemicals can pass through the skin and be
  taken into the bodys systems.
• Solvents and pesticides are examples of
  compounds that can be absorbed through the skin.

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Chemical Toxicity
Toxicity how poisonous are chemicals?

• Dose - The effects of any toxic chemical depends
  on the amount of the chemical that actually
  enters the body.
• Acute Toxicity - the measure of how toxic a
  chemical is in a single dose over a short period
  of time.
• Chronic Toxicity the measure of the toxicity of
  the chemical over a long period of time or
  multiple exposures.

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Chemical Toxicity

• Chronic Toxicity and Acute Toxicity

Some chemicals will only make you sick if you get
an acute (one time) or high dose all at once.
Example - ammonia Some chemicals are known for
their chronic or long-term exposure effects.
Example - asbestos Most chemicals have both acute
and chronic effects. Example carbon monoxide
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Chemical Toxicity

• Chemical Exposure Limits

Many chemicals have exposure limits, or allowable
exposure to the chemical in the air. These limits
can be peak limits called PELs or Permissible
Exposure Limits Other limits are based on 8-hour
average exposure levels (Threshold Limit Value or
TLVs). Regulations require exposures be kept
below these limits for safety.
PEL
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Toxic Chemicals
Carcinogens
Carcinogens are cancer-causing compounds. Some
chemicals are known human carcinogens, others are
only suspected as carcinogens. OSHA has
additional regulations covering the general use
of carcinogens, and specific restrictions for
several known human carcinogens.
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Toxic Chemicals
Other Groups of Toxic Chemicals

• Teratogens
• Teratogens are compounds that can harm the
  developing fetus, causing birth defects or death.
• Mutagens
• Mutagens cause genetic mutations or changes.
  These mutations can cause birth defects or other
  problems in offspring and may lead to cancer.

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Toxic Chemicals
Other Groups of Toxic Chemicals

• Sensitizers
• Sensitizers can switch on a reaction in an
  individual worker.
• The reaction to a sensitizer depends upon the
  individual worker.
• Once a worker becomes sensitized to a compound,
  smaller exposures can cause a reaction, and the
  reactions can become more severe.

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Corrosive Chemicals
Corrosive Chemicals

• Acids and bases are common corrosive chemicals
• Corrosive chemicals are capable of damaging skin,
  eyes and the respiratory system on contact.

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Corrosive Chemicals
Examples of Corrosive Chemicals

• Sulfuric Acid
• lead acid batteries
• Ammonia
• cleaning compounds
• Acetic Acid
• cleaning compounds
• Chlorine
• Bleach

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Corrosive Chemicals

• If you are exposed to a corrosive chemical use
• Safety Eyewashes or bottles
• Water (for splashes on the skin)

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General Hazardous Chemicals

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Protective gloves clothing
• Goggles and faceshields
• Aprons or coveralls

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Flammable Liquids
Properties of Flammable Liquids

• It is the liquids vapor rather than the liquid
  itself that ignites when mixed in certain
  proportions with air in the presence of an
  ignition source.
• The flammability of a liquid depends on its
  physical properties
• Vapor Pressure
• Flash Point
• Limits of Flammability
• Vapor Density

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Flammable Liquids
Vapor Pressure

• Vapor pressure is a measure of how fast a liquid
  evaporates.
• The higher the vapor pressure the more rapidly
  the liquid will evaporate.
• Vapor pressure will change with the temperature
  of the liquid.

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Flammable Liquids
Flash Point
The flash point is the lowest temperature that a
flammable liquid can generate enough vapor to mix
with air and ignite.
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Flammable Liquids
Limits of Flammability

• The limits of flammability is the range that a
  mixture of air and vapor can burn.
• Mixtures can be too lean (not enough vapor) or
  too rich (too much vapor) to ignite and burn.

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Flammable Liquids
Flammable Limits Example
A chemical must be at a concentration in air
between the LEL (lower explosive limit) and the
UEL (upper explosive limit) to ignite and burn
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Flammable Liquids
Lower Explosive Limit LEL
In most work situations, the lower explosive
limit (LEL) is the main concern.
Vapors from flammable liquids can often be found
in the workplace, but are typically too diluted
to catch fire or explode.
Without proper ventilation, these vapors can
quickly go above the LEL in small room or
confined space like a tank.
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Flammable Liquids
Vapor Density

• Vapor density is a measure of how heavy a
  vapor is compared to air.
• Vapors with a density greater than 1.0 are
  heavier than air and can collect near the floor
  and concentrate.
• This could create a fire/explosion hazard if the
  vapor flows to an ignition source.

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Metals
Hazards of Metals

• Metals can be both physical hazards and health
  hazards in some cases.
• Some metals can ignite and explode under certain
  conditions such as magnesium or fine dusts of
  other metals such as aluminum
• Most common metals, such as iron, aluminum and
  copper, do not pose a health hazard.
• Others can be very toxic lead, cadmium,
  mercury, beryllium

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Getting Employee Information

• How do you get information about
• hazardous chemicals?

• You can get information on a specific chemical or
  compound in two ways
• from the product label,
• The product label is easiest, and quickest way to
  obtain basic information
• from the product SDS or safety data sheet.
• The SDS is the most thorough information source.

SDS
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Getting Employee Information

• What information is on the product label?

• The manufacturer,
• The name of the product,
• a hazard warning,
• a list of hazardous ingredients

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What are product Labels?

• Labels are information on the product container.
  
• There are several label elements
• Symbols called Pictograms
• Signal Words
• Hazard Statements
• Precautionary Statements
• Product Identification
• Supplier/Manufacturer Identification

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Labels Pictograms

• There are 9 pictograms new to chemical labeling.
• Pictograms are pictures designed to convey a
  specific chemical hazard to the viewer.
• They are designed to get the users attention and
  include specific hazard warnings.
• They are designed to apply across languages.

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Labels Pictograms Health Hazards
Acute toxicity (Less Severe) Irritant Dermal
sensitizer Acute toxicity (harmful) Narcotic
effects Respiratory tract irritation
Acute toxicity (Severe)
Acute short-term effect
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Labels Pictograms Health Hazards (continued)
Carcinogen Respiratory sensitizer Reproductive
toxicity Target organ toxicity Mutagenicity Aspira
tion Hazard
Skin corrosion Serious eye damage/ Eye irritation
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Labels Pictograms Physical Hazards
Flammables Self reactives Pyrophorics Self
heating Emits flammable gas Organic peroxides
Explosives Self reactives Organic peroxides
peroxides
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Labels Pictograms Physical Hazards (continued)
Corrosive to Metals
Oxidizer
Gases under Pressure
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What is a safety data sheet?

• Safety data sheets or SDSs are information
  sheets on products that
• tells what chemicals are in the product,
• what the hazards of the chemicals are,
• how to protect yourself from the hazards.
• The SDS is the most comprehensive source of
  information on the chemical.

SDS
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Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)16-section SDS format
each section provides specific targeted
information

• Section 1 Identification
• Section 2 Hazard(s) identification
• Section 3 Composition / Information on
  Ingredients
• Section 4 First-aid Measures
• Section 5 Fire-fighting Measures
• Section 6 Accidental Release
  Measures
• Section 7 Handling and Storage
• Section 8 Exposure Controls /
  Personal Protection
• Section 9 Physical and Chemical
  Properties

• Section 10 Stability and Reactivity
• Section 11 Toxicological Information
• Section 12 Ecological Information
• Section 13 Disposal Consideration
• Section 14 Transport Information
• Section 15 Regulatory Information
• Section 16 Other information including date of
  preparation of last revision

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Safety Data Sheets (Sections)

• Section 1 Identification
• Identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the
  recommended uses. It also provides the essential
  contact information of the supplier.
• Section 2 - Hazards Identification
• Hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS
• Appropriate warning information associated with
  those hazards.

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Safety Data Sheets (continued)

• Section 3 Composition / Ingredients
• Identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the
  product indicated on the SDS, including
• impurities and stabilizing additives.
• information on substances, mixtures, and all
  chemicals where a trade secret is claimed.
• Section 4 - First-Aid Measures
• Describes the initial care that should
• be given by untrained responders to an
• individual who has been exposed to the chemical.

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Safety Data Sheets (continued)

• Section 5 Fire-Fighting Measures
• Provides recommendations for
• fighting a fire caused by the
• chemical.
• Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
• Provides recommendations
• Appropriate response to spills, leaks, or
  releases, (e.g. containment and cleanup
  practices)
• Response for large vs. small spills, if different.

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Safety Data Sheets (continued)

• Section 7 Handling and Storage
• Provides guidance on the safe handling practices
  and conditions for safe storage of chemicals.
• Section 8 Exposure Controls /
• Personal Protection
• Indicates the exposure limits, engineering
  controls, and personal protective measures that
  can be used to minimize worker exposure.

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Safety Data Sheets (continued)

• Section 9 Physical and Chemical Properties
• Identifies physical and chemical properties
  associated with the substance or mixture.
• Section 10 Stability and Reactivity
• Describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical
  and the chemical stability information.
  Includes reactivity, chemical stability,
• and other.

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Safety Data Sheets (continued)

• Section 11 - Toxicological Information
• Identifies toxicological and health effects
  information or indicates is data unavailable.
• Section 12 Ecological Information
• Section 13 Disposal Consideration
• Section 14 Transport Information
• Section 15 Regulatory Information

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Safety Data Sheets (continued)

• Section 16 Other Information
• Indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the
  last known revision was made.
• The SDS may also state where the changes have
  been made to the previous version.

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Example SDS
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Protecting Yourself

• You can protect yourself from hazardous
  chemicals by

1) Knowing what is in the product you work
with,
2) Using the smallest amount of a chemical to do
the job,
3) Maintaining machinery and equipment to prevent
leaks or releases,
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Protecting Yourself

• Protect yourself from hazardous chemicals by

4) Using ventilation to reduce amounts of
chemicals in the air,
5) Enclosing a chemical process as much as
possible,
6) Wearing personal protective equipment, per
SDS.
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Protecting Yourself

• In the case of a leak or spill, protect yourself
  and others by

Immediately alert area occupants and supervisor,
and evacuate the area, if necessary. If there
is a fire or medical attention is needed, contact
9-1-1. If a volatile, flammable material is
spilled, immediately warn everyone, control
sources of ignition and ventilate the area. Don
personal protective equipment, as appropriate to
the hazards. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet or
other references for information.
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Protecting Yourself

• If you believe you have been exposed to a
  chemical and feel sick

Report to your supervisor Find out what the
chemical was Follow the first aid and response
directions in the SDS Get medical attention, as
needed Use PPE if going back to the area or let
authorities handle emergencies.
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

• Prior to 1979, PCBs were widely used as
  dielectric and coolant fluids in transformers,
  capacitors, and electric motors.
• Due to PCBs toxicity and classification as a
  persistent pollutant, PCBs use was banned in
  1979. PCB is a suspected human carcinogen.
• When encountering oil spills, keep in mind that
  PCB units may still be found.
• Use the precautions learned in this program to
  limit or prevent your potential exposure to
  PCBs.

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Spill Protection Control and Countermeasures
(SPCC)

• Oil is stored and used in various electrical
  equipment throughout our distribution system and
  facility.
• A SPCC plan has been prepared by your employer
  pursuant to the Environmental Protection Agencys
  Oil Pollution Prevention Regulations.
• Always follow the plan procedures and safety
  guidelines when you encounter oil spills.
• Training on SPCC response will be provided in a
  separate training program to affected staff.

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To Learn More

• Review OSHA Standard Title 29 Code of Federal
  Regulations (CFR), 1910.1200 and 29 CFR 1926.59
• Read and understand your written facility hazard
  communication plan.
• Talk to your supervisor or a person in charge of
  your hazard communication program.
• Talk to your Indiana Electrical Cooperatives
  Regional Compliance Consultant or Job Training
  and Safety employee.
• Many community and internet resources are also
  available.

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Training Program Exit to testing
To end training presentation and move to the
self testing portion of this training, first
click on Esc key to upper left of keyboard,
then click on BACK arrow browser key located in
the TOP LEFT OF THE SCREEN. This will take you
back to the program testing page. Then proceed
with the testing according to on-screen
instructions.
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