An Introduction to Energy

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An Introduction to Energy
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Why do we care?
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1. Fossil fuels are finite

• a fuel (as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed in
  the earth from plant or animal remains

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2. Demand constantly increases
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3. Security-can we provide our own energy?
UPDATE EIA Sees U.S. Crude-Oil Output Topping
Net Imports in October http//online.wsj.com/art
icle/BT-CO-20130312-710405.html
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Mapping U.S. Oil Imports
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4. Pollution and Global Warming
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5. Connection between energy costs and economic
growth
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Where do we get our energy?
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SOURCES OF ENERGY
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Washington State Energy Profile

• Profile

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Annual Per Capita Energy Consumption, Selected
Countries
8.1
4.1
4.1
2.4
1.1
0.9
0.5
China excludes Hong Kong
0.3
Per Capita Consumption of Commercial Energy (tons
of oil equivalent)
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The US as Energy User

• Link

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How we USE energy
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HOW WE USE ENERGY
Transportation (fossil fuels) 28
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Rise of the Private Car
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Energy That Moves Us
Transportation The worlds fastest growing form
of energy use, largely due to the rise of the
private car
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US New CAFE standards

• CAFE stands for corporate average fuel economy
• Average mpg of a company's fleet

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Cars in China

• Oil consumption increases 7.5 a year (7x US)
• 90x more cars today than in 1990
• More cars than US by 2030

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Indias Nano (peoples car) 2500 new
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HOW WE USE ENERGY
Household (electricity) 22
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Energy Where We Live and Work

• Building Trends
• Energy use in buildings is rising rapidly
• International Energy Agency predicts that world
  electricity demand will double between 2000 and
  2030, with most rapid growth in peoples homes

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Household Trends
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HOW WE USE ENERGY
Commercial 19
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HOW WE USE ENERGY industry 31

• These 6 industries use most
• Petroleum refining
• Steel manuf.
• Aluminum manuf.
• Paper manuf.
• Chemical manuf.
• Cement manuf.

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Energy in Everything We Buy

• Manufacturing
• Largest share of global energy use goes to
  manufacturing our vehicles, buildings,
  appliances, and even our food and clothes
• Embodied energy energy invested in a particular
  thing during its lifetime, from cradle to grave

• Much of the energy embodied in an item is that
  required to produce it

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Embodied Energy
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HOW WE USE ENERGY
Agriculture (fossil fuels)
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How we USE energy

• What type of energy is used in each sector?
• How would the type of energy used impact the
  possible solutions?

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SOME DEFINITIONS
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ELECTRICITY

• Electricity is a secondary source
• We must convert a primary source into electricity
  (coal, oil, natural gas, solar)

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How to convert to Electricity
an electrical current is generated in a conductor
moving in a magnetic field. The effect is greatly
magnified if the conductor is replaced with a
coil or coils of copper wire. If these coils are
mounted on a rotating shaft or armature,
continuous rotation will produce a continuous
alternating electrical current. This is how
nearly all electricity is generated today.
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Kilowatt Hour

• A unit of energy commonly used on fuel bills.
• One kWh would power a device that consumes a
  kilowatt of power for an hour, or a 100 watt
  lightbulb for 10 hours, etc.

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THE GRID

• Power distribution network
• Connects power generation plant to the plug in
  your house

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Off the Grid

• Self-sufficient
• Generate your own power
• No connection to grid

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Net-metering

• Generate some power
• When not using, power returns to grid
• Power company pays you for this power

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Baseload Power

• Power available at all times
• Baseload power plants run constantly and generate
  the minimum constant demand
• Some alternatives not appropriate for baseload

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Renewable Energy

• Unlike fossil fuels, which are exhaustible,
  renewable energy sources regenerate and can be
  sustained indefinitely. The five renewable
  sources used most often are biomass, water
  (hydropower), geothermal, wind, and solar.

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SOLUTIONS

• Decrease use

• Increase/change source

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Options and Solutions
Conservation (lose less)
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Options and Solutions
Efficiency (use less)
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Options and Solutions
Switch to new sources