Progress Toward Sustainability at Williams College

1
Progress Toward Sustainability at Williams College
2
Year 1 Focus on Organizing, Communicating,
Inspiring

• 2007/08 Objectives and Accomplishments
• Organizing - Established Zilkha Center for
  Environmental Initiatives
• Energy conservation strategies
• Measurement systems
• LEED certification for new buildings
• Expanding focus into other areas of
  sustainability
• Sustainable Food
• Waste Management
• Paper and Publications
• Campus Planning
• Communications
• On the web Blog
• Net working
• Student Activism and Involvement
• Student Newspaper
• Thursday Night Group
• Zilkha Eco Reps

3
Managing Sustainability at Williams College
Achieving our Board-approved goal of reducing our
greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 to ten percent
below their 1990-91 levels will require creative
and bold initiatives that call on investments of
College time, money, and intellectual efforts.
President Morton Schapiro.
4
Getting the numbers Energy consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions have increased
significantly.
Since 1990-91 Williams has increased its energy
consumption by 50 (Total Energy Use).
5
Making it realistic Strategies for emissions
reductions were determined and evaluated.

1. Reduce growth in energy use and emissions. Chart
   shows Maximum savings.
2. Conserve energy and improve efficiency in our
   existing infrastructure.
3. Switch to cleaner fuels to minimize emissions
   associated with remaining heating requirements.
4. Renewable energy for remaining requirements.

Effects of Emissions Reduction
45,000
40,000
Business as Usual
35,000
30,000
Emissions in Metric Tonnes eCO2
25,000
10 below 1990-91
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Fiscal Year
6
2007 Update In FY07 emissions were reduced by
23
7
Estimated emissions increase due to student
center, athletics complex and academic buildings.
Emissions Predictions - Expanding footprint
40
35
30
CO2 Emissions (tonnes)
25
TARGET
20
15
10
5
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2018
2019
2020
8
Energy Conservation Measures by Type 13 of our
largest most energy intensive buildings
1200
1000
800
600
Tons of eCO2 savings
400
200
0
Controls
Cooling
Heating
Insulation
Lighting
Motors
Roofing
Ventilation
Windows
-200
-400
9
Payback of individual projects varies from 45 yrs
to a few months.
50.0
45.0
40.0
Controls
Cooling
Heating
Insulation
Lighting
Motors
Ventilation
35.0
30.0
25.0
Windows
Roofing
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Pool
Gas
Add
Install
Steam
HVAC
Change
Expand
Improve
Convert
Change
Reduce
Replace
Convert
Replace
Interlock
Upgrade
Upgrade
Ammonia
Add CHP-
Add Night
Install Heat
Daylighting
Insulate HW
Install Zone
Insulate and
Replace Old
Occupancy
Occupancy
Occupancy
Pool Cover -
Upgrade Exit
Lighten Roof
Solar Heating
Reduce Light
Add Variable
Add Variable
Add Skylights
Change Other
Add Photocell
Install Lighting
Install Kitchen
New Boilers -
Recommission
Insulate Steam
Add Humidifier
Replace Chiller
Use of Existing
Improve Space
Improve Supply
10
Emissions reductions by year and project type
based on preliminary implementation plan.
1600
Windows
Ventilation
1400
Roofing
1200
Motors
Lighting
1000
Insulation
800
Heating
Cooling
600
Controls
400
200
0
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
11
Implementing identified energy savings targets
moves emissions levels toward our goal.
Emissions Predictions Fuel Source
45
40
35
30
CO2 Emissions (1000 tonnes)
25
TARGET
20
15
10
5
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2018
2019
2020
12
Switching to natural gas and hydro electricity
pushes emissions closer to target.
Emissions Predictions Fuel Source
45
40
35
30
CO2 Emissions (1000 tonnes)
25
TARGET
20
15
10
5
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2018
2019
2020
13
Reaching our goal is achievable with renewable
energy source availability.
Emissions Predictions One Scenario to Reaching
Goal
45
40
35
30
CO2 Emissions (1000 tonnes)
25
20
TARGET
15
10
5
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2018
2019
2020
14
Williams College is a small campus, in a small
town not all solutions will come from within
our boundaries.

• We are
• Minimizing growth in energy demand
• Implementing energy conservation measures
• Changing fuels and energy sources

• Will we need to look for off campus solutions?
• RECs
• Carbon Credits Offsets
• Renewable Energy

15
A cap and trade system will make carbon credits a
more viable option.
16
McKinsey Abatement curve explores real cost of
carbon emissions globally.
17
Williams College emissions reducing/energy
conservation projects shown on a cost/ ton eCO2
basis.
Assumptions Projects have a 20 year
life Interest rate 8 No increase in cost of
utilities Cost per tonne NPV/Tonnes eCO2
500
400
300
Occupancy Sensors Lighting 2
Occupancy Sensors Lighting 3
Recommission Controls
200
Daylight Controls
Photocell Control
Lighting Control
Space Temp
Convert CFL
100
0
-100
Solar Heat
Pool Cover
Install PRV
Gas Co-gen
Night Setback
Accent Lighting
Replace Motors
Insulate building
Replace windows
Add CHP heating
HVAC Renovation
Lighten Roof Color
Recirculation pumps
Upgrade Flourescent
Metal Halide Lighting
Replace rooftop chiller
Kitchen Hood Controls
-200
Steam Distribution Repairs
18
Williams College emissions reducing/energy
conservation projects shown on a cost/ ton eCO2
basis.
Assumptions Projects have a 20 year
life Interest rate 8 No increase in cost of
utilities Cost per tonne NPV/Tonnes eCO2
500
400
300
Occupancy Sensors Lighting 2
Occupancy Sensors Lighting 3
Recommission Controls
200
Daylight Controls
Photocell Control
Lighting Control
Space Temp
Convert CFL
100
0
-100
Solar Heat
Pool Cover
Install PRV
Gas Co-gen
Night Setback
Accent Lighting
Replace Motors
Insulate building
Replace windows
Add CHP heating
HVAC Renovation
Lighten Roof Color
Recirculation pumps
Upgrade Flourescent
Metal Halide Lighting
Replace rooftop chiller
Kitchen Hood Controls
-200
Steam Distribution Repairs
19
A visionary energy policy and business investment
will encourage growth in renewables.
US Energy Sources
Total 100 Quadrillion BTU
Renewables
7
Natural Gas
Nuclear
23
8
Coal
Petroleum
23
39
of Mix
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Changing emissions associated with input fuel can
change project selection.

• Assumptions
• Continue using mix of No. 6 oil and Natural Gas
  for heating.
• Purchase hydro-electricity, instead of typical
  grid mix. Coefficient of emissions is 40 of
  grid.

1,000
800
600
400
200
0
-200
Skylights
Install PRV
Solar Heat
New Boilers
Insulate HW
Metal Halide
HID Lighting
Kitchen Hood
Add Humidifier
Accent Lighting
Replace Chiller
Lighting
Expand Controls
Convert lighting
Replace rooftop
Replace windows
Exit Sign Lighting
Controls
Steam Distribution
Add CHP Heating
Recirculation pumps
chiller
HVAC Renovation
-400
Gas Co-gen
-600
Dehumidification
Pool
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Conclusions and FY08 Outlook
35
30
25
Metric Tonnes eCO2 000s
20
15
10
5
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

• Significant progress toward our goal.
• Understanding the scope of the issues.
• Incorporate sustainability in scope of campus
  initiatives.
• Campus engagement.
• Education And Action!

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Conclusions

• Significant progress toward our goal.
• Understanding the scope of the issues.
• Incorporate sustainability in broader scope of
  campus initiatives.
• Campus engagement.
• Education And Action!

23
McKinsey Abatement curve explores real cost of
carbon emissions globally.
Source McKinsey Abatement Curve
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