Economy: British Rule

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Economy British Rule

• Correction of handout

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1. List 3 reasons that contributed to the fall of
New France.

• -colony had a deficit (imports exceeded exports)
• -large territory that was difficult to defend
• -France did not help the colony during the
  inter-colonial wars (too expensive)

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2. What were the elements of change and
continuity under the Royal Proclamation?

• Change fur trade is now under British control
• Continuity Britains policy was similar to
  French Mercantilism.

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3. In your own words describe mercantilism under
British Rule.

• Province of Québec sold raw materials (fur,
  timber, wheat) to the mother country at a good
  price. Great Britain turned these raw materials
  into finished products and sold them to other
  countries (in Europe and around the world) at a
  profit.

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4. In your own words define protectionism.

• Purchasing resources from within the British
  Empire in order to protect the British economy
  from foreign competition.
•  

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5. In your own words define preferential tariffs.

• Lower custom duties on products imported from the
  colonies. This gave British colonies an economic
  advantage when trading with the mother country
  (Britain).

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6. How were the Royal Proclamation and The Québec
Act beneficial to the fur trade?

• Royal Proclamation beneficial to the fur trade
  because land was reserved for the fur trade
  (Indian Territories).
• Québec Act beneficial to the fur trade because
  Québec was given the Ohio River Valley which is
  rich in furs.

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7. What 2 factors contributed to the fall of the
fur trade?

• -decline in the European demand for furs
• -HBC NWC merged and HBC now had a monopoly, so
  the natives only had one company to sell its furs
  to
• - timer trade

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8. After the fall of the fur trade, what industry
became important? List three reasons for the
growth of this industry.

• -In the early 1800s Napoleon blocked Britains
  access to timber in Europe, so Britain had to
  look elsewhere for timber.
• -Government established preferential tariffs for
  timber. This encouraged merchants to develop the
  timber industry.
• -The growth of shipyards created a demand for
  timber.

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9. What secondary activities developed because of
the timber trade?

• Saw mills, naval construction and building
  construction.

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10. Explain how the timber trade led to the
colonization of new regions.

• New regions like The Outaouis, Mauricie and
  Saguenay regions were developed because they had
  lots of trees and were close to important
  waterways which were important for water energy
  and transportation.

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11. What continues to be the main occupation for
most people living in Lower Canada in the early
19th century?

• Farming/Agriculture

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12. Explain the purpose of the family farm.

• The family farm fed the family and the surplus
  was sold to make money.

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13. How did preferential tariffs stimulate
(boost) agricultural production?

• The government established preferential tariffs
  on wheat which encouraged and stimulated wheat
  production.

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14. List 3 changes in agriculture under British
Rule.

• -better/more efficient agricultural tools
• -new areas of colonization were developed (Upper
  Canada)
• -new system of land division, the township system

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15. What forced farmers to diversify their crops
in the first half of the 19th century?

• Bad weather and poor soils led to a decline in
  wheat production. Farmers had to find new ways to
  make money so they started growing different
  crops (oats, barley, potatoes and dairy
  production became important).

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16. Explain the distribution of agricultural
surpluses under British Rule.

• Farmers produce agricultural goods and sell their
  surpluses to villages, parishes and rural
  regions. Villages, parishes and rural regions
  sold their surpluses to cities in the colony.
  Lastly, cities in the colony sold their surpluses
  to areas outside the colony (Great Britain, other
  British colonies and the USA).

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