3.3 The Middle Colonies

1
3.3 The Middle Colonies

• The English created New York and New Jersey from
  former Dutch territory.
• William Penn established the colony of
  Pennsylvania.
• The economy of the middle colonies was supported
  by trade and staple crops.

2
New York

• Dutch founded New Netherland in 1613 as fur
  trading post.
• New Amsterdam
• center of fur trade.
• Peter Stuyvesant led the colony from 1647-1664.
• English captured colony in 1664 and renamed it
  New York.

3
New Jersey

• English took control in 1664.
• Between the Hudson and Delaware rivers.
• Diverse population
• Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots.

4
Penns Colony

• Quakers
• A.K.A. Society of Friends
• one of largest religious groups in New Jersey.
• supported nonviolence and religious tolerance
• William Penn
• founded Pennsylvania
• safe home for Quakers
• Penn limited his power, established an elected
  assembly, and promised religious freedom to all
  Christians

5
Economy of the Middle Colonies

• Good climate and rich soil
• staple crops
• crops that are always needed
• wheat, barley, and oats
• indentured servants were a larger source of
  labor.
• Trade to Britain and the West Indies important to
  economy of middle colonies.

6
Women in the Middle Colonies

• Ran farms and businesses
• Examples clothing stores, drugstores, and
  bakeries.
• Some were nurses and midwives.
• Most worked primarily in the home.
• Married women managed households and raised
  children.

7
3.4 Life in the English Colonies

• Colonial governments were influenced by political
  changes in England.
• English trade laws limited free trade in the
  colonies.
• The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment led to
  ideas of political equality among many colonists.
• The French and Indian War gave England control of
  more land in North America.

8
Colonial Governments

• King James II
• wants more control of English government
  colonies
• Dominion of New England 1686
• United northern colonies under one government
• Parliament replaced King James II
• English Bill of Rights in 1689
• Colonies new assemblies and charters and could
  elect their own representatives.

9
Governments

• Each English colony had its own
• given power by a charter
• The English monarch had ultimate authority

10
Governors and Legislatures

• Governor
• head of the government.
• assisted by an advisory council.
• Some elected representatives
• Virginia 1st colonial legislature in 1619.
• Town meeting
• People talked about and decided on issues of
  local interest
• Colonial courts
• reflected the beliefs of their communities
• used to control local affairs.

11
English Trade Laws

• Practiced mercantilism
• a system of creating and maintaining wealth
  through controlled trade.
• Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to limit
  colonial trade.
• Colonies complained about trade restrictions

12
Colonial Trade

• Triangular Trade
• system in which goods and slaves were traded
  among the Americas, Great Britain, and Africa.
• Middle Passage
• Terrible conditions caused thousands of captives
  to die on slave ships.

13
(No Transcript)
14
Great Awakening

• Religious leaders wanted to spread religious
  feelings.
• The Great Awakening
• a religious movement that swept the colonies in
  the 1730s and 1740schanged religion.
• Revivals became popular
• political and social issues

15
Enlightenment

• Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that
  reason could improve society.
• Formed ideas on how government should work.
• People had natural rights such as equality and
  liberty.
• Influenced colonial leaders.

16
French and Indian War

• Native American Allies
• Some allied with the colonists in King Philips
  War.
• The French traded and allied with the Algonquian
  and Huron.
• The English allied with the Iroquois League.

17
War Erupts

• France and Britain want control of North America
  in the late 1600s.
• The French and Indian War (Seven Years War)
  started in 1754.
• Turning point
• British capture Quebec in 1759.

18
Treaty of Paris 1763

• British gain most of North America
• French influence in are is damaged

19
Western Frontier

• Most had been made along the Atlantic coast.
• Began to move west after the war.
• Indians led by Chief Pontiac rebelled against new
  British settlements in 1763.
• Proclamation of 1763
• Banned settlement west of the Appalachian
  Mountains.

20
Crash Course French and Indian War 3.4 Life in
the English Colonies Worksheet

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v5vKGU3aEGssfeatur
  eyoutu.be

21
3.5 Conflict in the Colonies The Big Ideas!

• British efforts to raise taxes on colonists
  sparked protest
• The Boston Massacre caused colonial resentment
  toward Great Britain
• Colonists protested the British tax on tea with
  the Boston Tea Party
• Great Britain responded to colonial actions by
  passing the Intolerable Acts

22
Sugar Act 1764

• Sugar Act
• tax colonists to make them help pay costs of war
• End smuggling from West Indies
• Monopoly of market to British
• No Taxation Without Representation
• Samuel Adams
• Committees of Correspondence - Trying to round up
  anger

23
Stamp Act of 1765

• official stamp, or seal, on purchase of paper
  goods
• Help pay the cost of protecting American Frontier
• Hated because it set a standard before taxes
  for regulating trade now used for raising money
  without colonial legislative approval
• Immediate protests - Sons of Liberty sometimes
  used violence
• Stamp Act Congress of 1765 declared the tax a
  violation of colonial rights
• Repealed in 1766

24
Townshend Acts of 1767

• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea
• Boycotts
• Sons of Liberty attacked customs houses
• British troops sent in 1768

25
The Boston Massacre

• British troops sent there to keep citizens in
  line/pay taxes
• Crowd forms after British soldier struck a
  colonist on March 5, 1770
• Soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 3,
  including Crispus Attucks
• Led to more resentment against British reported
  and used to stir up hate for British
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v-K2UgQFRr38
• Re-enactment video

26
The Boston Tea Party

• Colonial merchants smuggled tea to avoid paying
  the British tea tax basically un-inforced taxes
  by British
• Tea Act in 1773
• allowed British East India Company to sell cheap
  tea to the colonists
• Effectively a monopoly by British
• On December 16, 1773
• Boston Tea Party
• http//ed.ted.com/lessons/the-story-behind-the-bos
  ton-tea-party-ben-labaree
• EDTalk video

27
The Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774

• Boston Harbor closed until Tea Party damages
  money paid
• Massachusetts's charter canceled
• Royal officials accused of crimes sent to Great
  Britain for trial
• Quartering Act furnish supplies/barracks/etc.
  to British troops
• Quebec Act extend Canadian border to cut off
  Mass, VA, and Conn
• ALSO - General Thomas Gage made new governor of
  Massachusetts

28
(No Transcript)