Cancer PREVENTION

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Cancer PREVENTION

• Take charge of your life and learn as much as
  you can about illness.
• Knowledge generates hope.
• Lance Armstrong
• Winner of 6 Tour de France Titles
• and Cancer Survivor
• Thurs, Nov. 16- Online reading Quiz due

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4 Leading Risk Factors of Cancer

• Tobacco Use
• Diet and obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Overexposure to the sun

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What is Cancer?

• Definition Diseases of malignant Cells
• Tumor a mass of tissue that serves no purpose.
• Malignant tumor cancerous
• Benign tumornoncancerous

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How Cancer Spreads

• Metastasis the spreading of cancer cells
• Cells break away from primary tumor and invade
  surrounding tissues or travel through the blood
  and lymphatic system.
• Secondary tumor or metastases

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Malignant Tumors

• Carcinomas - most common - Linings, tubes,
  cavities and secretion glands.
• Sarcomas arise in connective and fibrous
  tissues. Bone, muscle, cartilage and membranes
  covering muscle or fat.
• Lymphomas Cancers of the lymph nodes.
• Leukemia Cancer of the blood-forming cells in
  bone marrow.

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The Incidence of Cancer

• 1.3 million Americans are diagnosed yearly
• More than half will be cured.
• About 40 will die as a result of cancer.
• 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be develop
  cancer during their lifetime.

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What type of cancer has the highest mortality
rate (for men and women)?
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The Big Four of CancerHighest Mortality Rate

• Lung 1 for men and women
• Colon 2 for men and women
• Breast 1 for women
• Prostate 1 for men

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2005 Estimated US Cancer Deaths

• 27 Lung and bronchus
• 15 Breast
• 10 Colon and rectum
• 6 Ovary
• 6 Pancreas
• 4 Leukemia
• 3 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• 3 Uterine corpus
• 2 Multiple myeloma
• 2 Brain
• 22 All other sites

Lung and bronchus 31 Prostate
10 Colon and rectum 10 Pancreas
5 Leukemia 4 Esophagus 4 Non-Hodgkin
3 Lymphoma Urinary bladder 3 Kidney 3 All
other sites 24
Men295,280
Women275,000
ONSOther nervous system. Source American Cancer
Society, 2005.
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Cancer Death Rates, All Sites Combined, All
Races, US, 1975-2001
Rate Per 100,000
Men
Both Sexes
Women
Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard
population. Source Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of
Cancer Control and
Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute,
2004.
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Cancer Death Rates, for Men, US,1930-2001
Rate Per 100,000
Lung bronchus
Stomach
Prostate
Colon rectum
Pancreas
Liver
Leukemia
Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard
population. Source US Mortality Public Use Data
Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959,
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.
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Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, By
Site, Men, US, 1999-2001
Site
Risk
All sites 1 in 2 Prostate 1 in 6 Lung
and bronchus 1 in 13 Colon and rectum 1 in
17 Urinary bladder 1 in 28 Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma 1 in 46 Melanoma 1 in 53 Kidney 1
in 67 Leukemia 1 in 68 Oral Cavity 1 in
73 Stomach 1 in 81
Source DevCan Probability of Developing or
Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical
Research and Applications Branch, NCI, 2004.
http//srab.cancer.gov/devcan
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Testicular Cancer

• The Cancer Society estimates that in the year
  2006 about ___________new cases of testicular
  cancer will be diagnosed in the United States.
• An estimated ________ men will die of testicular
  cancer in the year 2005.

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Testicular Cancer

• The Cancer Society estimates that in the year
  2006 about 8,010 new cases of testicular cancer
  will be diagnosed in the United States.
• An estimated 390 American men will die of
  testicular cancer in the year 2005.
• Testicular cancer is one of the most curable
  forms of cancer. Prevention- Testicular
  self-exams
• Studies show that the cure rate exceeds 90 in
  all stages combined.
• The 5-year survival rate for stage I testicular
  cancer is 99.
• Lance on-Line! http//www.laf.org

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Cancer Death Rates, for Women, US,1930-2001
Rate Per 100,000
Lung bronchus
Uterus
Breast
Colon rectum
Stomach
Ovary
Pancreas
Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard
population. Source US Mortality Public Use Data
Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes
1930-1959, National Center for Health Statistics,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.
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Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, By
Site, Women, US, 1999-2001
Site
Risk
All sites 1 in 3 Breast 1 in 7 Lung
bronchus 1 in 18 Colon rectum 1 in
18 Uterine corpus 1 in 38 Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma 1 in 56 Ovary 1 in 68 Melanoma
1 in 78 Pancreas 1 in 81 Urinary
bladder 1 in 88 Uterine cervix 1 in 130
SourceDevCan Probability of Developing or Dying
of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical
Research and Applications Branch, NCI, 2004.
http//srab.cancer.gov/devcan
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Cancer Death Rates, by Race and Ethnicity,
1997-2001
Per 100,000, age-adjusted to the 2000 US
standard population. Hispanic is not mutually
exclusive from whites, African Americans,
Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American
Indians. Source Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of
Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National
Cancer Institute, 2004.
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Cancer Incidence Rates by Sex and Race,All
Sites, 1975-2001
Rate Per 100,000
African American men
White men
White women
African American women
Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard
population. Source Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of
Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National
Cancer Institute, 2004.
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Common Cancers

• Skin Cancer Most common form of cancer
• Easily detected and highly curable
• Exposure to ultraviolet rays during childhood
• Common cause - sunburns and suntans
• Types
• Basal and Squamous
• Melanoma - more dangerous form
• Prevention
• Detection and Treatment

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Sunburn Prevalence () in the Past Year, Adults
18 and Older, US, 1999
Reddening of any part of the skin (regardless of
size) for more than 12 hours. Source Saraiya et
al. Am J Prev Med 200223(2). Note The overall
prevalence of sunburn among adult males is 39.7
and among females is 28.8. Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System CD-ROM, 1999. National
Center for Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2000.
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Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of
Breast Cancer, American Cancer Society

• Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at
  age 40 and continuing for as long as a woman is
  in good health.
• A clinical breast exam should be part of a
  periodic health exam
• -about every three years for women in their 20s
  and 30s
• -every year for women 40 and older.
• Monthly Breast self-exams for women starting in
  their 20s.
• Women at increased risk (e.g., family history,
  genetic tendency, past breast cancer) should talk
  with their doctors about the benefits and
  limitations of starting mammography screening
  earlier, having additional tests (i.e., breast
  ultrasound and MRI), or having more frequent
  exams.

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Foods That Contain Cancer-Preventing Substances

• Broccoli
• Brussels sprouts
• Cabbage
• Cauliflower
• Carrots
• Red peppers
• Tomato
• Sweet potato
• Collard greens
• Green Tea

• Kale
• Spinach
• Apricot
• Cantaloupe
• Grapefruit
• Orange
• Papaya
• Peach
• Plum
• Watermelon

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Links to Cancer

• Inactivity and Obesity
• Linked to colon cancer
• Benefits of Physical Activity

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Carcinogens in the Environment

• Ingested Chemicals
• Environmental and Industrial pollution
• Radiation

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Detecting Cancer

• Self Monitoring is Essential

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www.cancer.org

• Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the
  U.S. (after heart disease)

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Your Immune system

• Think of
• ? Your body as a country
• ? The immune system as that country's
  defense forces
• ? Viruses, bacteria, and parasites as a
  hostile, foreign army

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Prevention

• Lifestyle Choices
• Stress Management and your Immune System
• Early Detection
• 7 Cancer Warning Signs
• Self Exams
• Screenings

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Cancer Treatment

• Get a 2nd Opinion
• Do your homework! (Research viable treatments,
  side effects, benefits and risks)
• cases treated for specific cancer
• Clinical Trials
• www.cancer.org

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Detecting, Diagnosing and Treating Cancer

• Proven Treatments
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplants

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Laughter Therapy??!

• Laughter is a form of internal jogging. It moves
  your internal organs around. It enhances
  respiration. It is an igniter of great
  expectations. Norman Cousins
• Who is Norman Cousins?

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• Life is what happens when youre making other
  plans.
• John Lennon
• Laugh loud and often
• Devour your weekend.