Ethics and Privacy

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• 3

• Ethics and Privacy

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1. Define ethics, list and describe the three
   fundamental tenets of ethics, and describe the
   four categories of ethical issues related to
   information technology.
2. Identify three places that store personal data,
   and for each one, discuss at least one potential
   threat to the privacy of the data stored there.

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1. Ethical Issues
2. Privacy

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Opening Case WikiLeaks Marches On

• The Problem
• The Solution
• The Results
• What We Learned from This Case

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• Pinterest

• 3.1

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• 3.1

• Ethical Issues

• Ethical Frameworks
• Ethics in the Corporate Environment
• Ethics and Information Technology

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• 3.1

• Ethical Issues

• Ethics
• The principles of right and wrong that
  individuals use to make choices that guide their
  behavior.

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• Ethical Frameworks

• Four Widely Used Standards
• Utilitarian Approach
• Rights Approach
• Fairness Approach
• Common Good Approach
• Combine Four Standards to Create a Framework for
  Ethical Decision Making

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• Ethical Frameworks

• Five Steps in Ethical Decision Making Framework
• Recognize an ethical issue
• Get the facts
• Evaluate alternative actions
• Make a Decisions and Test It
• Act and Reflect on the Outcome of Decisions

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• Ethics in the Corporate Environment

• Code of Ethics
• Fundamental Tenets of Ethics
• Responsibility
• Accountability
• Liability
• What is Unethical is not necessarily Illegal

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• Ethics Information Technology

• Four General Categories of Ethical Issues Related
  to IT
• Privacy Issues
• Accuracy Issues
• Property Issues
• Accessibility Issues

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• The Dot Clones

• 3.2

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• 3.2

• Privacy

• Electronic Surveillance
• Personal Information in Databases
• Information on Internet Bulletin Boards,
  Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites
• Privacy Codes and Policies
• International Aspects of Privacy

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• 3.2

• Privacy

• Privacy
• The right to be left alone and to be free of
  unreasonable personal intrusions.
• Information Privacy
• The right to determine when, and to what extent,
  information about you can be gathered and/or
  communicated to others.

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• 3.2

• Privacy

• Court Decisions in Many Countries have followed
  two rules
• The right of privacy is not absolute. Privacy
  must be balanced against the needs of society.
• The publics right to know supersedes the
  individuals right of privacy.

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• 3.2

• Privacy

• Digital Dossier
• Profiling
• Data Aggregators
• LexisNexis
• ChoicePoint
• Acxiom

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• Electronic Surveillance

• Using technology to monitor individuals as they
  go about their daily routines.
• Is conducted by employers, governments, and other
  institutions.
• Examples
• Surveillance cameras in airports, subways, banks,
  and other public venues.

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• Electronic Surveillance

• Inexpensive digital sensors are found in laptop
  webcams, video game sensors, smartphone cameras,
  utility meters, passports, and ID cards.
• Smartphones create geotags
• Google and Microsoft street view images
• Satellite imaging

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• Personal Information in Databases

• Personal Data / Record Keepers
• Credit Reporting Agencies
• Banks and Financial Institutions
• Utility Companies
• Employers
• Hospitals
• Schools
• Government Agencies (IRS, State, City)

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• Personal Information in Databases

• Major Concerns about Information You Provide
  Record Keepers
• Do you know where the records are?
• Are the records accurate?
• Can you change inaccurate data?
• How long will it take to make a change?
• Under what circumstances will personal data be
  released?

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• Personal Information in Databases

• Major Concerns about Information You Provide
  Record Keepers
• How are the data used?
• To whom are the data given or sold?
• How secure are the data against access by
  unauthorized people?

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• Information on Internet Bulletin Boards,
  Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites

• Free Speech versus Privacy on the Internet
• Derogatory Information Can Influence Hiring
  Decisions
• Little to No Recourse for Victims

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• Privacy Codes Policies

• An organizations guidelines for protecting the
  privacy of its customers, clients, and employees.
• Opt-out Model
• Opt-in Model
• Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)
• A protocol that communicates privacy policies
  between a web site and its visitors

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• Privacy Codes Policies

• US Federal Trade Commissions Fair Information
  Practices Standard
• European Directive on Data Privacy

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• International Aspects of Privacy

• The Global Nature of the Internet Complicates
  Data Privacy
• Approximately 50 Countries Have Data-Protection
  Laws
• Inconsistent standards from country to country
• Transborder data flow.

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• Google Glass Big Brother Really is Watching You

• 3.3

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Closing Case Target Provides a Surprise

• The Problem
• An Interesting IT Solution
• The Results Initial Uses of Watson
• What We Learned from This Case