Cut and discard this bottom portion.

1
Biology Study Guide
Biology is the natural science concerned with
the study of life and living organisms, including
their structure, function, growth, origin,
evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
Cut and discard this bottom portion.
2
(No Transcript)
3
Scientific Investigation Reasoning Skills
4
(No Transcript)
5
Reporting Cat 1 Cell Structure Function
6
(No Transcript)
7
Cell Differentiation Specialization
Cell Growth Gone Wrong Tumors
Reporting Cat 1 Cell Structure Function
8
(No Transcript)
9
ATall aShort
A Dominant (strong, visible) Gene a Recessive
(weak, hidden) Gene A or a alleles Homozygous
same alleles AA Heterozygous different
alleles Aa
Genotypes AA, Aa, aa Phenotypes 3 tall and 1
short
Genetics
AAhomozygous dominant traits
Aaheterozygous dominant traits
aahomozygous recessive traits
Genotype combination of alleles AA Phenotype
the way the genotype is physically expressed in
an organism Tall
NonMendelian Genetics
Dihybrid Cross
Monohybrid Cross
Studying the Genome
Mutations
DNA Fingerprinting
Genetic Engineering
Chromosomal Analysis
Reporting Category 2 Mechanisms of Genetics
10
(No Transcript)
11
Other Evolutionary Mechanisms
Genetic Drift- the effect of chance on heredity
through a random event or situation.
Gene Flow- the movement (migration) of genes from
population to population
Mutation- a mutation can change offspring for
generations to come, by introducing something new.
Recombination- this process can also change the
evolutionary process.
Reporting Cat 3 Biological Evolution
Classification
12
(No Transcript)
13
Exploring the Classification System
The 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms of classification.
Domain Bacteria Eubacteria Domain Archaea
Archaebacteria Domain Eukarya Protista, Fungi
Animalia, Plantae
Eubacteria- single celled organisms, cell wall
made of peptidoglycan.
Archaebacteria- single celled organisms, no
peptidoglycan in cell wall, lipid membranes
instead.
Protista- can be unicellular or multicellular but
they are eukaryotes.
Fungi unicellular or multicellular but they
are eukaryotes.
Animalia- multicellular, nucleus, no cell walls,
heterotrophs
Plantae multicellular, nucleus, chloroplasts,
autotrophs
Reporting Cat 3 Biological Evolution
Classification
14
(No Transcript)
15
Investigating Biological Systems

• Enzymes play a key role in being catalyst in
  chemical reactions within the body
• Increase rate of reaction
• Enzyme substrate-Product
• Enzyme regulation (H-L, L-H)

• Feedback mechanisms are a way of an organism
  trying to maintain homeostasis for example
• Blood glucose production
• Body temperature
• Plant water and CO2 levels

Reporting Cat 4 Biological Processes Systems
16
(No Transcript)
17
Reporting Category 4 Biological Processes
Systems
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
The Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Simple food chains are used to represent the way
organisms interact with one another in an
ecosystem, the type of ecosystem is important to
the types of organisms that will be found with in.
Food webs depict the way all of the organisms
interact, and combine simple food chains into one
model of interaction.
Energy pyramids are a great model for
illustrating trophic levels. The higher in the
pyramid you go, the fewer organisms there are at
the top. Coining the phrase, Top of the food
chain!
Biomass is the amount of living or organic matter
present in an organism. Biomass pyramids show how
much biomass is present in the organisms at each
trophic level. Please remember that energy or
matter is neither created nor destroyed.
Reporting Cat 5 Interdependence Within
Environmental Sys
22
(No Transcript)