Human Reproductive System

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Human Reproductive System
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Objectives

• Explain the roles of the male and female
  reproductive systems.
• Describe the structure and function of the male
  and female reproductive systems.
• Explain the four phases of the menstrual cycle.

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Terms you must know

• -Puberty -Scrotum -Penis
• -Epididymis -Vas deferens -Prostate gland
• -Urethra -Semen -Follicle
• -Seminal vesicle
• -Ovulation -Fallopian tube -Uterus
• -Ovaries -Vagina -Menstruation
• -Cervix

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Reproduction

• Reproduction is the formation of new individuals.
• If any other body system failed, the result would
  be death.
• An individual can lead a healthy life without
  reproducing.
• The reproductive system is the single most
  important body system for the continuation of a
  species.

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Hormones and the Reproductive System

• Hormones play a very important role in the human
  reproductive system.
• Testosterone Produced by the testes. Required
  for sperm production and development of male sex
  characteristics.
• Estrogen Produced by the ovaries. Required for
  development of eggs and female sex
  characteristics.
• Progesterone Produced by ovaries. Prepares
  uterus for arrival of developing embryo

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Sexual Development Puberty

• For the first six weeks of development, human
  male and female embryos are identical in
  appearance.
• During the seventh week, major changes occur.
• Testosterone produced by male testes lead to the
  development of male features.
• Estrogen and Progesterone produced by the female
  ovaries lead to the development of female
  characteristics.

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Sexual Development Puberty

• Although male and female reproductive organs
  develop from the same tissues in the embryo, it
  is the sex hormones that determine whether the
  embryo will develop into a male or female.
• After birth, the gonads produce small amounts of
  sex hormones that continue to influence the
  development of sex organs.
• Neither the testes nor the ovaries are capable of
  producing active gametes until puberty.

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Sexual Development Puberty

• Puberty A period of rapid growth and sexual
  maturation during which the reproductive system
  becomes fully functional.
• After puberty, male and female reproductive
  glands are fully functional
• Puberty begins when the hypothalamus signals the
  pituitary gland to increase the amount of
  hormones that affect the gonads.

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Male Reproductive System

• The main structures of the male reproductive
  system are
• Testes -Epididymis
• Seminal vesicle -Vas deferens
• Urethra -Penis
• Prostate Gland -Scrotum
• These structures work together to produce and
  deliver sperm.

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Function of male reproductive structures

• Scrotum External sac containing the testes.
  Important in maintaining optimum temperature for
  sperm production (96 F)
• Testes Organs that produce sperm and
  testosterone.
• Epididymis Area where sperm fully mature and are
  stored.
• Seminal vesicle Structure involved in the
  production of semen

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Function of male reproductive structures

• Vas deferens Ductis that lead sperm from
  epididymis to the urethra
• Urethra Tube that leads sperm out of the body
  through the penis.
• Prostate Gland Produces substances in semen to
  protect and nourish sperm
• Penis Male sex organ, functions in releasing
  sperm.

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Female Reproductive System

• The main structures of the female reproductive
  system are
• -Ovaries -Fallopian Tubes -Uterus
• -Vagina -Cervix
• In addition to producing eggs, the female
  reproductive system prepares the females body to
  nourish a developing embryo.

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Female Reproductive System
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Function of female reproductive structures

• In contrast to the millions of sperm produced
  each day in the male reproductive system, the
  ovaries usually produce only one mature ovum
  (egg) per month.

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Function of female reproductive structures

• Ovaries Structures that produce eggs and female
  sex hormonesEstrogen and Progesterone
• Fallopian Tubes (oviducts) Fluid filled tubes
  through which an egg passes after it is released
  by the ovary.

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Function of female reproductive structures

• Uterus Organ in which the fertilized egg
  develops
• Vagina Canal that leads from the uterus to the
  outside of the body.
• Cervix Opening of the uterus