Renewable Energy in China

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Renewable Energy in China

• Song Yanqin
• Center for Renewable Energy Development
• Nov 10, 2004
• EGNRET 23
• Christchurch, New Zealand

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Summary

1. Why renewables
2. What are renewables in China
3. Status of RE in China and in the world
4. Potential Cooperation Areas Between China and
   Canada

3
Why renewable energies

• Constrains of resources of convention energies
• High potential of demand increasing
• Projection of energy demand in 2020

4
Comparison of Energy Resource Characteristics
Between Chinese and Other Countries

• Total capacity of resource discovered is 823 G
  TEC. Rest capacity which can be exploited is 139
  G TEC.
• The periods of exploiting rest resources are 80
  years for coal, 15 years for petrol and 30 years
  for nature gas.
• Main part of Chinese energy resources is coal.
  China is lack of petrol and nature gas, but with
  abundant of hydro power.
• In China, the per capita energy resource is less
  than that of global average.

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Comparison of energy consumption structure

• Chinese fossil energy resource structure
• Coal 66
• Petrol nature gas 26
• Nuclear energy hydro power 8

• Goble fossil energy resource structure
• Coal 26
• Petrol nature gas 64
• Nuclear energy hydro power 10

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Comparison of energy consumption
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What problem we are facing now

• Environment restriction
• Great domestic environment pressure
• Acid rain and soot emission
• Breath system illness increased
• Great pressure from other countries
• Up to 2020, according to forecasting total
  capacity of green house gas will exceed to U.S.A.

• Resource restriction
• Availability is limited, and is about 10 of the
  total capacity
• Per capita is low and is about 40 of global
  average
• Lack of high quality resources
• Efficiency restriction
• Application technology is behind other countries,
  and utilizing efficiency is low.
• Total energy efficiency is 32, which is 10 less
  than the global average.
• Energy consumption of per GDP of China is 4 times
  of that of in U.S.A, 6 times of EU and 10 times
  of Japan.

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How much energy do we need

• Energy consumption of per capita of China is 1292
  kg EC, which is
• 10 of that of U.S.A.
• 22 of that of Japan
• 19 of that of OECD
• 61 of that of global average
• 3 billion TCE was needed if China wants to reach
  that of the global average
• 8.5 billion TCE was needed if China wants to
  reach that of in OECD

• Per capita of electricity of China is
  1462KWh,which is
• 10 of that of U.S.A.
• 17 of that of Japan
• 18 of that of OECD
• 57 of that of global average
• 3,300 TWh was needed if China wants to reach that
  of the global average
• 10,600 TWh was needed if China wants to reach
  that of in OECD

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Energy demand projection for 2020

• The energy supply is 2.4 billion TEC
• Installed capacity 1000 GW
• Coal 2.6 billion ton
• Petrol 0.5 billion ton
• Nature gas 200 million M3
• Energy gap exceeded 600 million TEC

• Energy demand is about 3 billion TEC
• Coal2.8 G ton
• Petrol0.2 G ton
• Nature gas100 G M3
• Petrol imported0.3 G ton
• Nature gas imported100 billion M3
• RE should provide at lest 200 million TEC.

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What we need for meeting the gap

• Efficiency
• Import
• RETs

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What is the RETs in China

• Resources availability
• Technologies development status
• Strategy status of RE

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Hydro Power

• Total capacity is 400 GW
• Total capacity which has been exploited is 92 GW,
  1/3 is small one
• Annual generation capacity is 285 TWh

• Installation of 2020 is 290 GW
• By 2030, all the hydro power will be developed

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Technologies of Hydropower

• Excellent ability of design, manufacture and
  construction
• These technology and equipment has exported to
  other countries.

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Wind Power

• Total resource capacity is 1000 GW namely is 3
  times of that of total generation installation
  nowadays
• Possible to become the second main electricity
  resource and replace the status of nuclear energy
  and hydro power
• Only 560 MW has been exploited
• By the end of 2020, total capacity will reach 20
  GW
• By the end of 2030, it will reach 100 GW

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Technologies for wind
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Development status
Total installed capacity is about 40 GW
The costs will less than 5 cents/kWh
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Local manufacture for wind
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Solar resources

• With great potential resource
• The mature technology of heating water
• Photovoltaic technology is under development
• Up to 2020, the installed capacity of water
  heater will reach 0.27 G M², which can generate 1
  GW electric power.
• Up to 2050, the generation capacity will reach
  100 GW.

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The display of PV technology
Different Solar technology
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1GW PV system can be built on an area of 10Km² in
desert or gobi
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Solar technologies development
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Biomass Energy Resource

• Biomass600 million ton/year,up to 2020, it is
  estimated that total capacity will reach 800-1000
  million ton/year.
• Agriculture straw150 million TEC/year
• Livestock farm and industry wastewater80 G M³
  biogas, 60 M TEC
• Fuel wood, forest, timber residue 200 million
  TEC/year
• Land fuel gas 15 M TEC/year
• Energy cope rapeseed, sweet jowar, sweet potato

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State of art of bio-energy

• Biomass application
• biogasChina has the technologies to manufacture
  all scales of biogas and can utilize 4.5 G M³ per
  year.
• Biogas of household is 13 M units with the
  capacity of 3.3 G M³
• Livestock farm and industry wastewater biogas is
  2200 units with annual capacity of 1.2 G M³
• Biomass 1900MW
• Bagasse power co-generation 1700MW
• Rice husk power generation 50MW
• Land fuel gas power generation 150MW
• Liquid fuel (ethanol)with own ethanol production
  technology,the production capacity has reached
  400,000 ton, and will be 1 M ton in the near
  future

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Target for 2020

• Generation capacity
• Hydro power 290GW (small hydro power is 70-80
  GW)
• Wind power 20GW
• biomass20GW
• PV 1GW

• Fuel and thermal application
• Liquid fuel11 M ton
• Biogas2.5 billion M3
• Solar water heater 270 M M2
• Fuel wood 50 M Mu
• Can provide energy power of 400 million TEC

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Conclusion

• RE has played a role in Chinese energy supply,
  and will become a significant energy resource in
  the future. By the year of 2020, installed
  capacity of RE will reach 10 of total power
  capacity. This proportion will rise to 30 in
  2030 and more than 40 after 2030, therefore
  become an important energy resource to replace
  convention one.
• RE industry of China has come into being. And
  some industries have been advanced in whole of
  the world and began to commercialize. But average
  level of RE industry of China is still quite low,
  and without large scale of commercialization
  ability, therefore need to be supported in a long
  term.

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International best practice

• International trend of RE development
• The developing situation estimation after Bonn
  Conference
• Main measures of promoting RE development in
  whole of the world

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International Development Trend of RE

• Technology improved step by step, costs declined
  continuously
• Developing accelerated, market share enlarged
• Strategy status of RE rise step by step from
  complementary energy to alternative energy and
  then to strategic energy.

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Technologies
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Large market shares

• In the past 11 years, in Germany, wind power
  generation capacity has increased 10 times

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Political commitment

• EU RE will be 50 of whole energy in 2050
• German and UK RE will be 20 of whole energy in
  2020, which was defined in the law
• Some countries in Europe it is planed to use RE
  to replace nuclear energy before 2020
• China Renewable Energy Law, 10 of the total
  power capacity

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What happened in Bonn

• Achievements
• More than 165 countries and organizations
  attended/ approved the Bonn announcement
• To provide reliable energy power for 1 billion
  population by RE
• More than 200 action plans submitted voluntarily
• Solidarity and consistent shown
• Germany 0.5 billion ERO annually was given to
  develop RE
• The World Bank investment will be increased 20
  per year to support the development of RE
• The energy loan of Eurobank 50 was used to
  develop RE
• The possible impacts
• To enhance supports on RE development
• To increase technical and financial assistance to
  developing countries
• To accelerate development of RE
• To focus on the RE development in China,
  especially in the field of RE legislation

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How to promote renewable in the world

• Clear targets are given
• Gross target or proportion target
• Feasible policies are designed
• MMS,RPS,Green Electricity system
• To implement all kinds of preferential measures
• Financial subsidy,loan and preferential revenue
• To build up good environment in whole society
• Costs taken by the whole society

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Website look feel
http//cdm.ccchina.gov.cn