Aim: How does the reproductive system ensure the survival of the Human Species?

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Aim How does the reproductive system ensure the
survival of the Human Species?

• Specialized system for males
• Specialized system for females
• Specialized cells
• Sperm
• Egg

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MaleReproductive System
Section 39-3
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FemaleReproductive System
Section 39-3
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Group Work What do you notice about the
Menstrual Cycle
Section 39-3
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Fertilization (also called conception) in humans
happens when the sperm cell reaches the egg cell
and inserts its DNA into the egg cell.
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Early stage of embryonic development

• Cleavage is the term used for the rapid division
  of cells that happens in the first 24-48 hours
  after fertilization. There is little/no growth in
  the size of the zygote.

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Gastrulation is the arrangement of cells into 3
distinct germ layers.

• Ectoderm
• Epidermis of skin
• Digestive system
• Nervous system
• Mesoderm
• Muscle
• Skeletal system
• Endoderm
• Organs
• Reproductive system

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Human Embryonic Development
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Comparison of external and internal development
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Fetal Development Ultrasound Pictures
1 Month 2 Months 3 Months
4 Months 5 Months 6 Months
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Fetal Development Ultrasound Pictures
(Continued)
7 Months
8 Months
At Birth
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Critical Periods of Human Development
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Embryonic Stem Cells

• The cell lines preserve their undifferentiated
  state and normal nuclei during subculture,
  however, they remain capable of differentiation
  into virtually any type of tissue.

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In Vitro Fertilization is commonly referred to as
IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by
manually combining an egg and sperm in a
laboratory dish. When the IVF procedure is
successful, the process is combined with a
procedure known as embryo transfer, which is used
to physically place the embryo in the uterus.
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Adult Stem Cells

• Current research is aimed at determining the
  mechanisms that underlie adult stem cell
  plasticity. If such mechanisms can be identified
  and controlled, existing stem cells from a
  healthy tissue might be induced to repopulate and
  repair a diseased tissue

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Tissue Engineering-Other organs are being grown
as we speak
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Dolly the sheep was cloned