Kingdom: Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae
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Characteristics of Plants

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Carry out photosynthesis
• Cells have a cell wall made of cellulose
• Mostly land dwelling
• Develop from embryos that are protected by
  tissues of parent plant

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Life cycles

• Plants go through alternation of generations
• One generation is haploid called gametophyte
• One generation is diploid called sporophyte
• Haploid spores produce plants which eventually
  produce gametes which fuse to produce diploid
  zygote that grows into a sporophyte plant
• These generations can look quite different from
  one another

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Five Major Groups of Plants
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Green Algae

• Green algae has recently been reclassified as
  belonging to the Kindom Plantae
• Green algae has cell walls and photosynthetic
  pigments that are identical to plants
• Other algae remain in the Kingdom Protista

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Five Major Groups of Plants
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Seedless Non-Vascular PlantsMosses and Relatives

• These plants are known as Bryophytes
• Grow close to the ground in damp locations
• Do not have seeds or stems
• Do not have any rigid support structures such as
  lignin-reinforced cell walls
• Do not have any vascular tissue to transport
  water through the plant

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Seedless Non-Vascular PlantsMosses and Relatives

• Bryophytes comprise nearly 10 of all plant
  species
• The gametophyte generation is the dominant
  generation
• Male and female gametes are produced in separate
  reproductive structures
• Sperm are flagellated and must swim through water
  to the eggs

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Five Major Groups of Plants
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Seedless Vascular PlantsFerns and Relatives

• Contain conducting tissues called xylem and
  phloem which transport materials throughout the
  plant
• This development allowed the ferns to become tall
  and successful on dry land
• The dominant generation is sporophyte

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Reproduction in Ferns

• Ferns produce gametes in structures on the
  underside of the gametophyte
• Ferns need water to complete their life cycle
  because sperm have to swim through a film of
  water to fertilize the eggs
• The brown dots on the underside of the mature
  (sporophyte) fronds are spore capsules containing
  many haploid spores that will produce
  gametophytes

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Five Major Groups of Plants
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Seed-producing Vascular plantsGymnosperms

• Conifers such as pine, fir, spruce, redwood and
  cedar trees cone bearing plants
• Plants that bear naked seeds seeds not
  enclosed in an ovary (fruit)
• Seeds are plant embryos covered in a protective
  coat along with food
• The gametophyte is smaller than in ferns and
  mosses

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Gymnosperm
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Reproduction in Gymnosperms
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Five Major Groups of Plants
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Flowering Plants Angiosperms

• The reproductive structures are the flowers
• Angiosperm means enclosed seed
• The gametophytes develop within the flowers of
  angiosperms
• Flowers have many adaptations that attract
  organisms to help transfer pollen
• Once pollination occurs, the ovary develops into
  a fruit

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Angiosperm fruit
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Life cycle of an Angiosperm
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Parts of a Flower
Stigma Style Ovary
Carpel/Pistil (female)
Anther Filament
Stamen (male)
petals
ovule
sepal
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Five Major Groups of Plants