Miller Pipeline Corporation

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Miller Pipeline Corporation

• Confined Space Training

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Section 1

• The Basics

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Definitions

• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
• The maximum amount of a substance that a person
  can be exposed to without it becoming hazardous
  to health.
• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
• The lowest concentration of a substance that will
  produce a flash, fire or explosion if an ignition
  source introduced.
• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
• The highest concentration of a substance that
  will produce a flash, fire or explosion if an
  ignition source introduced.

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Confined Space

• A Confined Space is any space that meets all of
  the following criteria
• Large enough for person to enter and perform
  work.
• Limited or restricted means for entry or exit.
• Not designed for continuous human occupancy.

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Non-Permit Confined Space

• A confined space that does not have the potential
  to contain any hazard capable of causing death or
  serious physical harm.

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Permit Required Confined Space

• A confined space that has the potential to
  contain one of more of the following
  characteristics
• Hazardous atmosphere
• Engulfment hazard
• Configuration hazard
• Any other serious safety or health hazard
• Hazardous Energy
• Moving Parts
• Fluid Level

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Hazardous Atmosphere

• Oxygen level not adequate
• Flammables gt 10 of the LEL
• Toxins gt PEL
• Combustible dust gt 10 of the LEL

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Oxygen

• Room air is 20.9
• Less than 19.5 is not
• adequate for breathing
• More than 23.5 creates
• combustible atmosphere

Potential Effects of Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres Potential Effects of Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres
Oxygen Content( by Volume) Effects and Symptoms(At Atmospheric Pressure)
19.5 Minimum permissible oxygen level
15-19 Decreased ability to work strenuously. May impair coordination and may induce early symptoms in persons with coronary, pulmonary, or circulatory problems.
12-14 Respiration increases in exertion, pulse up, impaired coordination, perception, judgment.
10-12 Respiration further increases in rate and depth, poor judgment, lips blue.
8-10 Mental failure, fainting, unconsciousness, ashen face, blueness of lips, nausea, and vomiting.
6-8 8 minutes, 100 fatal 6 minutes, 50 fatal 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment.
4-6 Coma in 40 seconds, convulsions, respiration ceases, death.
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Flammables

• Methane (CH4)
• Explosive at low volume
• Reduces Oxygen
• Lighter than air (rises)

MATERIAL LEL UEL PEL DENSITY
MATERIAL Volume Volume (PPM) (Air1.0)
METHANE 5 15 Asphyxiate 0.6
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Toxins

• Effects of Exposure
• Acute (Detected Now)
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Chronic (Detected Later)
• Cancer
• Organ Damage
• Infertility

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Toxins

• Routes of Entry
• Inhalation (breathing)
• Ingestion (swallowing)
• Injection (blood stream)
• Absorption (eyes or skin)

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Toxins

• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Explosive at medium volume
• Toxic at medium volume
• Same weight as air (hovers)
• Odorless, colorless, and
• non-irritating (silent killer)

MATERIAL L.E.L. U.E.L. PEL DENSITY
MATERIAL Volume Volume (PPM) (Air1.0)
CARBON MONOXIDE 12.5 74 35 .97
PPM Effect
200 Slight headache, discomfort within 3 hours
400 Slight headaches within 1-2 hours, becoming life threatening after three hours.
800 Dizziness, nausea, and convulsions within 45 minutes. Unconsciousness within two hours. Death within 2-3 hours.
1,600 Headache, dizziness, and nausea within 20 minutes. Death within one hour.
3,200 Headache, dizziness, and nausea within 5-10 minutes. Death within 30 minutes.
6,400 Headaches, dizziness, and nausea within 1-2 minutes. Death within 10-15 minutes.
12,800 Death within 1-3 minutes.
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Toxins

• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
• Explosive at low volume
• Toxic at low volume
• Heavier than air (falls)
• Initial rotten egg odor, but
• desensitizes sense of smell

MATERIAL L.E.L. U.E.L. PEL DENSITY
MATERIAL Volume Volume (PPM) (Air1.0)
HYDROGEN SULFIDE 4 44 10 1.19
PPM Effect
50-100 Mild eye irritation, mild respiratory irritation within 1 hour
200-300 Severe eye irritation, severe respiratory irritation within 1 hour
500-700 Unconsciousness or death within 1 hour.
1,000 or more Unconsciousness or death within minutes.
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So why are we here?

• ANSWER 1 death in US every 3 days!!!

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Section 2

• Entry Procedure

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Entry Procedure

• RULE 1 Dont enter unless absolutely
  necessary!!

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Entry Procedure

• RULE 2 Entry not allowed if Hazardous
  Atmosphere

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Entry Procedure

• 1) Complete execute ENTRY PERMIT
• 2) Set-up TRAFFIC CONTROL for jobsite
• 3) Apply necessary LOCKOUT TAGOUT devices
• 4) Establish mechanical VENTILATION
• 5) Use GAS MONITOR to test atmosphere
• 6) Use FALL PROTECTION as required.
• 7) Use EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT as needed
• 8) Ensure JOBSITE SECURITY prior to leaving

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Entry Permit

• General Information
• Authorized Personnel
• Hazard Control
• Hot Work Permitting
• Required PPE
• Monitoring Equipment
• Monitoring Results
• Authorization

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Entry Permit

• Completed before all manhole entries
• Regardless of how long entry will take
• Kept near entrance
• Canceled by expiration date/time
• Maximum length allowed is 1 shift
• Maintained for 1-year after cancellation

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Traffic Control

• Position vehicles to serve as barrier
• Between work zone and oncoming traffic
• Turn wheel toward curb
• Channel traffic with cones and signs
• Cone-off work areas (18 from equipment)
• Set-up advanced warning signs
• Use flagmen or arrow boards

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Lockout Tagout

• Whenever there is a potential exposure to
  hazardous energy disengage the energy source
  and apply lock, tag energy isolation devices
  prior to beginning work.

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Lockout Tagout

• Common pipeline hazardous energy sources
• Chemical Release
• Water Pressure
• Steam Build-Up
• Other potential hazardous energy sources
• Electricity
• Moving Parts
• Air Pressure
• Stored Energy

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Lockout Tagout

• Locking Devices
• Free from rust or damage
• Not used for other activities
• Always accompanied by tag
• Key only controlled by owner
• Separate lock / tag for each worker
• Tagging Devices
• Able to withstand environment
• Complete, legible understandable
• Securely attached
• Energy Isolation Devices
• Designed for application

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Lockout Tagout

• Application Procedure
• Prepare to shut-down equipment
• Notify individuals affected by shut-down and in
  area
• Perform normal shut-down
• Disengage all hazardous energy sources
• Apply locking, tagging energy isolation devices
• Verify success by attempting start-up
  (IMPORTANT!!!)
• Removal Procedure
• Notify individuals affected by shut-down and in
  area
• Remove devices (only by person who applied
  devices)
• Restore power and conduct normal start-up

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Ventilation

• Continuously in sewer or if hot-work done
• Ensure ventilated air is clean
• Nearby vehicles off
• Exhaust downwind
• Intake vent 5 from entrance

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Ventilation

• Tips for effective ventilation
• Use blower with adequate capacity
• Place outgoing vent 2 from bottom of space
• Open lid downstream when possible
• Place additional ventilation at downstream lid
• Allow enough time to completely purge space
• Cubic Feet of Pipe / CFM of Blower Minutes to
  Wait

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Gas Monitors

• Monitors must be four-gas type
• May need to supplement in unique situations
• Use as recommended
• Turn on in safe atmosphere
• Ensure unit zeros-out
• Do not adjust settings
• Store in approved cases
• Calibrate as required (documented)
• Conduct testing as follows
• Outside of lid before removing
• Top, middle bottom of space 30 sec. each
• Continuously in sewer or if hot-work done
• Carry on body if detach harness from cable

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Fall Protection

• Mechanical retrieval device used when gt 5
• Miller Intruder
• Tripod w/ Winch
• Winches used and maintained properly
• Used for intended load (personnel vs. material)
• Inspected annually or after shock-loaded
• Ladder used at each entrance/exit
• Single rung ladder
• Manhole cleats

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Fall Protection

• Respect the danger of falling into a manhole.
• Two employees fall to their death every day in
  the US.
• Many of these falls are from 6 or less!
• Most of our manholes are over 6 and up to 40
  deep.
• Inspect fall protection equipment before each
  use.
• No dents or physical damage to retrieval device.
• Winch cable not damaged, winds smoothly, able to
  be converted to crank, and prevents free fall.
• No frays to body harness and all buckles
  functional.

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Fall Protection

• Ensure proper assembly of retrieval device.
• All pins inserted into slots.
• Placed on even/stable foundation.
• Store equipment in way to prevent damage.
• Store components in secure location.
• Avoid stacking other items on retrieval device.
• Ensure proper wear of body harness.
• Straps securely placed over shoulders and between
  legs.
• Buckles secure, but straps not cutting off
  circulation.
• Double-action hook locked onto d-ring on back.

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Emergency Equipment

• The following equipment shall also be onsite
• First-aid kit
• Fire extinguisher (manned if hot work done)
• If operations require traveling down pipe
• Emergency rescue cart
• Respiratory Protection

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Jobsite Security

• Manholes securely placed
• Street damage covered
• Open trenches barricaded
• Housekeeping good / tools picked-up

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Section 3

• Entry Team

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Team Members

• Entry Supervisor
• Authorized Attendant
• Authorized Entrant

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Supervisor Duties

• Communicate with owner prior to entry
• Be present at jobsite throughout entry
• Authorize ensure execution of permit
• Assist with identifying controlling hazards
• Cut, block or reroute lines
• Block and bleed pipe
• Disconnect drive mechanisms
• Open, purge ventilate pipe
• Remove dangerous animals
• Prescribe PPE

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Attendant Duties

• Ensure only authorized entry
• Take head count during entry
• Stay alert near entrance
• Frequently communicate with all entrants
• Monitor for behavioral changes
• Noticeable Confusion
• Increased Irritability
• Lack of Coordination
• Slurred Speech
• Vomiting, Coughing, Wheezing

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Attendant Duties

• Monitor hazards inside outside space
• Observe enforce no smoking policy
• Initiate evacuation when
• Permit Violated
• Gas Monitor Alarms
• Behavioral Changes Noticed
• Conditions Change that Endanger Entrants
• Attendant Must Leave Position
• Perform rescue if necessary

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Entrant Duties

• Wear prescribed PPE
• Communicate with Attendant
• Monitor body for symptoms
• IMMEDIATELY evacuate when
• Symptoms noticed
• Gas monitor alarms
• Attendant orders evacuation
• New hazard introduced

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Section 4

• Rescue Procedures

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Rescue Procedures

• Miller Pipelines rescue procedures
• Primary self-rescue
• Secondary winch rescue
• Last Resort man entry rescue
• Rescue procedures practiced annually
• Attendants first-aid/CPR trained

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Rescue Procedures

• 1) If evacuation required
• entrants must immediately evacuate
• notify the attendant on way out
• and then notify fellow entrants on way out.
• 2) If harness detached from cable and potential
  for
• atmosphere to become imminently
  dangerous
• entrants must carry and use an escape respirator.
• 3) If entrants cannot self-evacuate, the
  Attendant must
• convert the winch and remove entrant with crank
• and administer medical treatment until paramedics
  arrive.

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Rescue Procedures

• 4) If man entry rescue must be performed
• find replacement Attendant and have them call
  911
• put on all PPE worn by Entrants respirator (if
  necessary)
• attach cable to harness
• take rescue cart if entrants are located inside
  pipe
• remove entrants from space
• and administer medical treatment until paramedics
  arrive.

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Rescue Procedures

• Approximately 36 of all confined space
  fatalities are would-be rescuers who dont follow
  procedures!!

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Section 5

• Conclusion Test

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Conclusion

• FACT Someone dies in a confined space every 3
  days!
• Confined spaces are silent killers
• RESPECT CONFINED SPACES!
• FACT 66 of confined space fatalities happen to
  sewer workers!
• It is the people in our industry that keep dying
  
• IT CAN HAPPEN TO YOU!
• FACT When employees short-cut safety
  procedures, the probability of serious injury or
  death increases drastically.
• Procedures are established for a reason
• FOLLOW PROCEDURES!

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Test

• 25 Questions (True / False)
• Passing Score 84 (21 of 25)
• May NOT Use Book or Neighbor!!!

Good Luck!!!