Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 62

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Psychology 320 Psychology of Gender and Sex
DifferencesLecture 62
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Office Hour InvitationsMarch 30th, 1130-1230
Kenny 2517
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An opportunity to take your learning in
Psychology 320 outside of the classroom!
Psychology 320 is partnering with the College of
Health Disciplines to offer you an opportunity to
engage in dialogue with students from other
disciplines regarding important social issues.
A Salon, of the type held in Paris during the
18th and 19th centuries, is a gathering of
intellectual, social, political, and cultural
elites under the roof of an inspiring host,
partly to amuse one another and partly to refine
their taste and increase their knowledge through
conversation (Wood, 2012).
The next salon is scheduled for March 28th ,
530-730 PM. Topic Mental Health (e.g., What
defines a mental illness? What stigma do people
with mental illness face? How does mental illness
relate to homelessness and substance abuse? Are
we born with it, or does it develop over
time?)Location Mahony Sons, UBC Campus.
Food and (nonalcoholic) beverages Free!
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Reminder
The Terry Global Speaker Series presents Kavita
Ramdas, Nothing Less than a Revolution How
Womens Movements are Changing our
World. Monday, March 26, 1230-130, Frederic
Wood Theatre. Tickets are free. For more
information and tickets, visit
http//www.terry.ubc.ca/2012/03/08/the-terry-globa
l-speaker-series-presents-kavita-ramdas/
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Paper Submission

• Papers are due on Monday, April 2nd, 2012.

• Students must submit their papers during class.
  If you are unable to attend class on the day
  the paper is due, please have someone hand it in
  for you at the start of class. Late papers and
  papers left in mailboxes or submitted via e-mail
  will not be accepted.

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• In addition to submitting a hardcopy in class,
  you must submit your paper electronically to
  TurnItIn.
• The electronic copy submitted to TurnItIn must
  be identical to the hard copy submitted in
  class do not change the content or format of
  the document. The electronic copy submitted to
  TurnItIn will be compared to the hard copy
  submitted in class discrepancies may constitute
  academic misconduct.

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What is TurnItIn?

• TurnItIn is a plagiarism detection system that
  scans and compares your paper to online content
  (e.g., other students papers, websites such as
  Wikipedia).
• It provides an originality report that
  documents the overlap between your paper and
  online content.
• It indicates the source of plagiarized content
  (overlap is acceptable if it is properly
  citedsee APA guidelines).

Psychology 305
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• Go to www.turnitin.com
• To create your own account, click on Create
  Account in the upper right hand corner of the
  screen.
• You will need the following information to
  create your account or add this course to your
  existing account

TurnItIn Instructions
Class ID 4988995 Password gender2012
Psychology 305
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Additional Notes on TurnItIn

• Step-by-step instructions are available in the
  Student Quickstart Guide at http//www.turnitin
  .com/static/ support/guides_manuals.html
• You must submit your paper to TurnItIn by the
  due date of the paper. You will receive 0 on
  your paper if you do not submit it to TurnItIn
  by 1159 pm on April 2.

Psychology 305
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• You may view your originality report before
  submitting your paper to address any concerns
  regarding plagiarism.
• Please contact your TA if you have any
  questions or difficulties submitting your paper
  to TurnItIn.

Psychology 305
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Mental Health
1. Are there sex differences in eating disorders?
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By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. list the diagnostic criteria for anorexia
nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
2. discuss sex differences in rates of anorexia
nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
3. identify risk factors for eating disorders.
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Are there sex differences in eating disorders?

• The DSM-IV-TR distinguishes between two eating
  disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
  A third category is included in the DSM-IV-TR
  Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Characterized by

(a) refusal to maintain body weight at or above
a minimally normal weight for age and height
(i.e., less than 85 of what is expected).
(b) intense fear of gaining weight or becoming
fat.
(c) disturbance in the way one experiences ones
weight or shape, undue influence of weight or
shape on self- evaluation, or denial of
seriousness of low weight.
(d) amenorrhea.
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• Afflicts 0.5 of females and 0.05 of males.

• Typical onset is in early to late adolescence
  (14-18 years of age).

• Results in damage to the bones, muscles,
  heart, kidneys, intestines, and brain.

• Mortality rate 5-15 (Brown, Mehler, Harris,
  2000).

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Characterized by

(a) recurrent episodes of binge eating.
(b) recurrent inappropriate compensatory
behaviour in order to prevent weight gain (e.g.,
self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives,
diuretics, or enemas fasting excessive
exercise).
(c) binge eating and compensatory behaviour
occur, on average, at least twice a week for 3
months.
(d) undue influence of weight or shape on
self-evaluation.
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• Afflicts 1-3 of females and .2 of males.

• Typical onset is in late adolescence to early
  adulthood.

• Results in damage to the muscles, heart,
  intestines, stomach, mouth, throat, and
  esophagus.

• Mortality rate 3.9 (Crow et al., 2009).

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Sample Items from the Eating Disorder Inventory
(Garner et al., 1983)
Drive for Thinness SubscaleI think about
dieting.I feel extremely guilty after
overeating.I am terrified of gaining weight.I
am preoccupied with the desire to be
thinner. Bulimia SubscaleI have gone on eating
binges where I have felt that I could not stop.I
eat moderately in front of others and stuff
myself when they are gone.I have thought of
trying to vomit in order to lose weight.I eat or
drink in secrecy. Body Dissatisfaction
SubscaleI think that my stomach is too big.I
think that my thighs are too large.I think my
hips are too big.I think that my buttocks are
too large.
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• Males and females with eating disorders have a
  similar age of onset and exhibit similar
  symptoms.

• The etiology of eating disorders is unclear.
  However, several risk factors have been
  identified

1. Genes

• Twin studies suggest that eating disorders are
  heritable (heritability statistic for anorexia
  .58-.76 for bulimia .54-.83 Klump et al.,
  2001).

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2. Demographic Factors

• Eating disorders are more prevalent among
  people of European descent (vs. people of
  African American descent) dancers, actors,
  models, and athletes and members of sexual
  minority groups (e.g., gay males Helgeson,
  2009).

• There is no clear evidence linking
  socioeconomic status and education level to
  eating disorders (Striegel-Moore Cachelin,
  1999).

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3. Female Gender Role

• The female gender role emphasizes (a) physical
  attractiveness and (b) concern for others
  opinions.

• Although communion is not correlated with
  disturbed eating (Hepp et al., 2005),
  unmitigated communion is a risk factor for
  eating disorders (Helgeson, 2007 Lakkis et al.,
  1999).

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Mental Health
1. Are there sex differences in eating disorders?