The Automated Highway System (AHS) and The Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI)

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The Automated Highway System (AHS)andThe
Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI)
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AHS The Vision
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AHS The Vision

• Removal of human error from the task of driving
• Efficiency improvements (increased flow)
• Safety improvements (decreased accidents)
• Environmental improvements (decreased fuel use
  and emissions)

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AHS The Vision (California Style)

• Dedicated AHS lanes
• Cars following in closely spaced platoons
• Automated merging / diverging
• Increased lane capacity x 2

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AHS The Vision

• HOW?
• Technology to allow removal of reaction time and
  distance
• Decrease in following distance increase in
  capacity
• Safety maintained by technology
• Internal platoons low speed differential
  crashes
• Space between platoons decrease in severity of
  crash between platoons

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AHS Platooning Concept
AHS Lane
Regular Lane
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AHS The Technology

• Automated Check-in
• Automated Check-out
• Lateral and Longitudinal Controls
• Malfunction Management and Analysis
• Commercial ( transit) Vehicle Needs
• Deployment Issues

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San Diego Tests

• Mandated by Congress
• Took place in San Diego in 1997 on a barrier
  separated HOV lane
• Systems built by Automated Highway Systems
  Consortium
• A partnership between government / universities /
  car companies

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San Diego Test

• Results
• AHS is feasible
• AHS is not currently practical
• Various AHS technologies are marketable
• AHS technologies have significant positive safety
  implications

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Intelligent Vehicle Initiative

• The result of the AHS Findings
• Very heavy safety orientation
• Use new technology on roadside and in vehicles to
  make roadways safer

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IVI Technologies

• Currently on the market
• ABS (Anti-lock braking systems)
• Night vision systems
• GPS
• Adaptive cruise control
• Front end collision warning systems
• Automated mayday systems

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IVI Technologies

• Future Systems (under active development)
• In-vehicle signing of
• Dangerous conditions
• Approaching emergency vehicle
• Side collision avoidance systems
• Rear object warning systems
• Lane departure warning systems

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IVI Technologies

• Future Technologies (continued)
• Remote control vehicles
• Snow plows
• Guard vehicles for maintenance (unmanned crash
  attenuator vehicles)
• Multi-vehicle trains (1 driver, multiple
  vehicles) for commercial trucks on barrier
  separated roads

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IVI Technologies

• Future Technologies (continued)
• Drowsy driver recognition
• Intoxication detection
• Automated steering control
• Automated collision avoidance
• Lane following
• Obstacle recognition
• Intersection collision warning systems

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IVI Technologies

• Human factors is a big deal
• Do people trust the technology
• Will people over-compensate for the technology
  (or misunderstand its capabilities)
• ABS
• 4-wheel drive in the snow

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IVI Technology

• Deployment is a big issue
• Public infrastructure versus private system
• Chicken and egg problem