Chapter 14: Therapy

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Chapter 14 Therapy
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Freuds Approach Psychoanalysis

• Aims
• To bring to light the repressed and conflicted
  impulses of the Id-ego-superego
• Methods
• Client talks (free-associates) and the analyst
  interprets and provides insight
• Common contemporary approaches
• Psychodynamic therapy
• Interpersonal psychotherapy

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Rogers Approach Humanistic Therapies

• Client-centered approach
• Works to increase self-awareness
  self-acceptance personal growth
• Methods
• Talk about current and future events
• No emphasis on the unconscious
• Taking responsibility
• Therapist uses active listening paraphrase,
  clarify, reflect feelings

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Behavior Therapies

• The aim of these therapies is behavior
  modification
• Methods
• Classical conditioning
• Counter-conditioning
• Systematic desensitization
• Aversive conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Token economy

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Cognitive Therapies

• These approaches recognize the influence of
  thinking upon our feelings
• Methods
• Change the way we feel by changing the way we
  think
• Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)
• Thoughts? Feelings? Behaviors

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Group and Family Therapies

1. All the therapies we discussed today (except
   psychoanalysis) can be done on an individual or
   group basis
2. Family therapy
3. Benefits of group therapy
4. Low cost
5. Increased support
6. Sense of community not alone with a problem

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Biomedical Approaches

• Weve talked a bit about drug therapies already
• Became popular in the mid-1950s with the
  discovery of antipsychotic medications
• Led to a huge reduction in the number of
  hospitalizations
• The major classes of psychotropic medications

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Other Biomedical Interventions

1. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or shock therapy
2. Psychosurgery

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How do we Know if Therapy Works?

• This is not an easy question to answer
• Client testimonials
• Crises tend to abate with time
• Positive expectations can lead to positive
  results
• Need to believe it was worth the effort
• Liking therapist can influence report

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Does it work? Cont.

• Therapists themselves also report high rates of
  success
• People come in very unhappy and leave happier
• Can they tell what made the difference?
• Problems with objective, measurable behaviors
  like OCD are easier to evaluate
• Outcome research

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Are some therapies better than others?

• There really is no winner when you compare all
  of the therapies
• What is important is finding a match between
• The problem and the approach
• The client and the therapist

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What all Therapies do have

1. Hope
2. A new perspective and insight
3. Empathy
4. Trust
5. Caring