American History Chapter 9: Life at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

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American History Chapter 9 Life at the Turn of
the Twentieth Century

• III. The World of Jim Crow

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Bell Ringer

• List the areas in which African Americans have
  had a long struggle for equality.
• Quote on page 332

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Objectives

• Probe the kinds of discrimination encountered by
  African Americans after Reconstruction.
• Find out how African Americans resisted this
  discrimination.

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A) Post Reconstruction Discrimination

• Southern whites turned to other methods of
  oppression after Reconstruction.
• Poll tax pay a fee to vote
• Grandfather clauses passage in a law that
  exempts a group of people from obeying the law if
  they had met certain conditions before the law
  was passed
• Own property, literacy tests

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• segregation separation of people by race (de
  jure by law
• Jim Crow Statutes, beginning in the 1890s,
  that required segregation of public services by
  race
• Name came from a minstrel show Jump Jim Crow
• Schools, parks, public buildings, hospitals,
  transportation systems, water fountains, public
  toilets always inferior
• Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case that made
  segregation legal as long as separate facilities
  were equal (really werent)

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Violence

• Lynching murder of a person without a trial
• 1882 1892 1,200 victims
• Perpetrators were never caught
• boy, sir, master
• Moved North de facto not by law but in fact
• Race riots in New York City 1900
• Springfield Illinois in 1908 crowd wanted a
  black prisoner released to them secretly moved
  him to another town rioted destroyed African
  American businesses and killed 2 elderly AA.

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B) Resisting Discrimination

• Mary White Ovington and the Niagara Movement met
  in Niagara Falls Canada and formed the NAACP
  (1909)
• National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People purpose was to abolish
  segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism,
  and to gain civil rights for African Americans
• Used the courts got grandfather clauses
  unconstitutional in 1915

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Overcoming Obstacles

• National Urban League improved job
  opportunities and housing for blacks
• Madam C.J. Walker former servant and laundress
  became a millionaire selling hair products to
  African American women 20,000 employees
• Used money to fight for civil rights
• Dont sit down and wait for the opportunities to
  comeGet up and make them

9
Review

• How were African Americans discriminated against
  after Reconstruction?
• How did African Americans resist this
  discrimination?