The Jackson Era

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The Jackson Era
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ELECTION OF 1824
Andrew Jackson claimed there was a corrupt
bargain. Can you explain why he said that?
Who carried most of the Southern votes?
Who carried most of the Northern votes?
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ELECTION OF 1828
Who won by a fairly large margin and became the
7th President?
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Voting
West white men over 21 could vote
East suffrage to all white men
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Women, Native Americans and African Americans
could not vote
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Two (2) new political parties
Adams supporters National Republicans/known as
Whigs
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Jacksons supporters Democrats
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1. New ways to choose candidates

• Previous method caucus
• Called undemocratic by critics because few people
  had a say

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• New method nominating conventions

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Andrew Jackson
About Him
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• Spoils System
• Jackson fired federal employees and replaced them
  with his supporters

1. To the victor belong the spoils Jackson
   supporter

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• Kitchen Cabinet
• Jackson relied on advice from Democratic leaders
  and newspaper editors instead of his official
  cabinet
• The group met in the White House Kitchen

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Bank War Election of 1832

1. Jackson disliked the Bank of the U.S. (charter
   was set to expire in 1836) and its President
   Nicholas Biddle

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1. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, both Whigs,
   convinced Biddle to apply early for a new Bank
   charter in order to make it an issue in the 1832
   election

1. Clay and Webster believed if Jackson vetoed the
   charter, he would lose the election

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To tell you the truth, I dont see a use for the
Bank of the United States.
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I really dont like the bank President Nicholas
Biddle either.
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Mr. Biddle, the election of 1832 is just around
the corner. Henry Clay and I want to get rid of
this Jackson fellow. Can you help us?
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Sure. What should I do?
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Apply early for a new bank charter. Jackson will
veto it and it will cause him to lose the
election of 1832.
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1. Jackson vetoed the bank charter, he would veto
   more legislation than all previous Presidents
   combined.

Bank Charter
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• Election of 1832
• Whigs Henry Clay
• Democrats Andrew Jackson

1. Jackson won a surprising victory

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• Bank closes
• The banks charter was good until 1836 but after
  re-election, Jackson took immediate action.

First Bank of The United States
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1. Jackson ordered Secretary of the Treasury Roger
   Taney to put money in pet banks which Taney and
   his friends controlled

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Tariff of Abominations

1. In 1828, Congress passed the highest tariff in
   history, which the South called the Tariff of
   Abominations because of its effect on Southern
   planters

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1. Vice President John C. Calhoun supported states
   rights and believed the states had the right to
   declare a federal law illegal (nullification)

1. Both Andrew Jackson and Daniel Webster disagreed
   with Calhoun believing the Constitution united
   the American people

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Do the states have the right to declare a federal
law illegal?
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VICE PRESIDENT

1. Vice President Calhoun eventually resigned over
   the disagreement and Martin Van Buren became Vice
   President in 1833.

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1. Nullification Crisis

1. Anger in the South over high tariff grew

1. South Carolina (John Calhoun became Senator of
   S.C. after resigning Vice presidency) passed
   Nullification Act and threatened to secede from
   the Union

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1. While supporting a compromise tariff proposed by
   Henry Clay, Jackson and Congress passed the Force
   Bill, allowing him to use the army if necessary
   to enforce tariff in South Carolina

1. South Carolina agreed to Clays compromise

1. Increased tensions between North and South

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• Andrew Jackson and the Native Americans
• Jackson set aside land west of the Mississippi
  and persuaded Native Americans in the east to
  move there

1. Few Indians wanted to move (ex. Cherokee nation)

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1. Georgia appealed to the Supreme Court to help
   Cherokee nation

1. Chief Justice John Marshall and Supreme Court
   ruled in favor of Cherokees

1. In this case, Jackson supported states rights
   saying Georgia could force Indians to move and
   the federal government could not interfere

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I, John Marshall, and the Supreme Court believe
that the federal government cannot force the
Cherokee Indians to move
HELP!
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Remember when both I and Daniel Webster disagreed
with John Calhoun? Webster and I believed that
the states did not have the right to declare a
federal law illegal.
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I changed my opinion. In this case, I am voting
for states rights. Georgia does not have to
listen to the Supreme Court decision that says
the Cherokees do not have to move.
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Indian Removal Act (1830)

1. Native Americans forced to sign treaties agreeing
   to move west

1. Cherokees forced to leave at gunpoint

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• Trail of Tears
• Name given to the Cherokees long, sorrowful
  journey west
• Thousands perished

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• Seminole War
• Led by Chief Osceola (ahs ee OH luh) the
  Seminoles resisted removal
• After several years of fighting, the Seminoles
  lost

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Martin Van Buren followed Jackson as President.
After the Panic of 1837, the nation slipped into
an economic depression. Van Buren lost support as
the depression dragged on. In the election of
1840, Van Buren was defeated by William Henry
Harrison, a popular war hero.
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Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John
Tyler, and James Polk would succeed Andrew
Jackson and oversee an expanding nation which
would see reform in schools, art and many other
facets of life. During their presidencies, the
divide between North and South would grow and the
issue of slavery would move to the foreground of
American politics.