The Age of Jackson

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The Age of Jackson

• AP US History
• Mrs. Lacks

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Essential Question

• Champion of the common man OR King Andrew?

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Jacksons Early Life
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Andrew Jackson

• B. March 15, 1767
• Parents Scot-Irish immigrants
• Grew up in western N or S Carolina
• Joined Tennessee militia at age of 13
• Colonel then Major General, War of 1812 (Old
  Hickory)
• Many political positions
• Wealthy slave owner
• Military Governor of Florida
• 1st POTUS from Democratic Partyt
• 7th POTUS

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1st known painting of AJ, 1815
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During the First Seminole War
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1st Presidential Run
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Election of 1824
Henry ClayKY
John Quincy AdamsMA
Andrew Jackson (TN)
William H. CrawfordGA
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A Corrupt Bargain

• Clay dropped out
• Threw all support behind JQA
• JQA wins
• AJ outraged!

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Election of 1824 A Corrupt Bargain?
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The John Quincy Adams Administration

• 1825 - 1829

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Opposition to JQA

• Some believed he allowed too much political
  control to be held by elites.
• Adams believed a strong, active central
  government was necessary.
• A national university.
• An astronomical observatory.
• A naval academy.
• Many Americans saw Adams vision of a might
  nation led by a strong president as a threat to
  individual liberties.

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What were the key issues of the Election of 1828?

• JQA vs. Jackson

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Tariff of Abominations

• Tariff of 1828 ? higher tariffs on imported raw
  materials
• The South alone was adamantly against it.
• As producers of the worlds cheapest cotton, it
  did not need a protective tariff.
• They were negatively impacted ? American textiles
  and iron goods or the taxed English goods were
  more expensive!

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Votes in the House for the Tariff of
Abominations
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Election of 1828
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The New Jackson Coalition

• The Planter Elite in the South
• People on the Frontier
• Artisans competition from factory labor.
• State Politicians ? spoils system
• To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy!
  William Marcy of NY
• Immigrants in the cities.

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What were the democratic trends of the early 19th
century?
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Increased Democratization

• White male suffrage increased
• Party nominating committees.
• Electoral votes determined by popular vote
• Rise of Third Parties.
• Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
  etc.)

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Campaigning on the stump
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Voting Requirements
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Voter Turnout 1820 - 1860
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The Nullification Crisis

• South Carolina

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Tariff Conflict

• 1832 --gt new tariff (even more expensive to trade
  with Europe)
• South Carolinas reaction?
• Tried to pass a law saying states could nullify
  federal laws (like VA KY Resolutions under John
  Adams)
• Supported by VP John C. Calhoun (SC)
• Jacksons response?
• Force Act back down SC or Ill send troops

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Jacksons Native American Policy
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Jacksons NA Policy

• Jacksons Goal?
• 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
• Moved all Native Americans west of the
  Mississippi River to Oklahoma Territory
• Worcester v. GA (1832)
• Cherokee sued Jackson to stay on land in GA case
  went all the way to the Supreme Court
• Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, said
  Cherokee could stay
• Jacksons Response John Marshall has made his
  decision, now let him enforce it!

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The Cherokee Nation
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Indian Removal
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Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
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Jacksons Professed Love for Native Americans
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Assassination Attempts

• First POTUS that anyone attempted to kill
• First attempt Robert Randolph, Naval officer
  hit AJ over the head with a rock
• Second attempt Richard Lawrence, unemployed
  housepainter, shot at AJ while leaving the
  Capitol gun misfired (twice) AJ beat him with a
  cane

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Assassination Attempts
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Renewing the charter of the 2nd National Bank
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Jacksons Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830 ? Maysville Road project in KY state of
his political rival, Henry Clay
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The Downfall of Mother Bank
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The Bank the 1832 Election

• Jackson saw the renewing of the Banks charter as
  an attempt to block his re-election!
• Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.
• The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will
  destroy it!
• Jackson drops Calhoun as VP and runs with Martin
  Van Buren.

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Election of 1832
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The Monster Is Destroyed!

• 1832 ? Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd
  National Bank of the United States.
• 1836 ? the charter expired.
• the bank went bankrupt, and large scale panic set
  it

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An 1832 Cartoon KingAndrew?
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Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren Old KinderhookO. K.
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The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!
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Andrew Jackson in retirement

• On the last day of the presidency, Jackson
  admitted that he had but two regrets, that he
  "had been unable to shoot Henry Clay or to hang
  John C. Calhoun."

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Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before
his death)
1767 - 1845