Plant Diversity

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Plant Diversity
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Objectives

• Learn the basic characteristics of 10 plant phyla
  belonging to the following groups the
  non-vascular plants (3 phyla), the seedless
  vascular plants (2 phyla), and the vascular seed
  plants (5 phyla)
• Describe the basic plant life cycle and details
  of the angiosperm life cycle
• Observe the body plans of liverworts, mosses,
  ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
• Compare the morphology of monocots vs. dicots

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Plant Evolution

• What adaptations allow plants to live on land?
• Vascular tissue
• Seeds
• Pollen
• A waxy cuticle
• Lignin
• stomata

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Alternation of Generations
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4 Plant Groups

• nonvascular plants - Bryophytes
• Most simple, oldest land plant
• seedless vascular plants - Pteridophytes
• naked seed plants - Gymnosperms
• flowering plants - Angiosperms

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10 Plant Phyla

• Mosses (Bryophyta)
• Liverworts (Hepatophyta)
• Hornworts (Antocerophyta)
• Ferns (Pterophyta)
• Club Mosses (Lycophyta)
• Conifers (Coniferaphyta)
• Ginko (Gincophyta)
• Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta)
• Cycads (Cycadophyta)
• Flowering Plants (Anthophyta)

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Non-Vascular Plants Antocerophyta, Bryophyta,
Hepatophyta

• Hornworts, Mosses and Liverworts
• Nonvascular plants - restricts height
• Gametophyte is the dominant (conspicuous plant)
• Possess antheridia and archegonia to keep gametes
  from drying out
• Live in moist habitats- flagellated sperm
• Lack true leaves, stems, and roots
• rhizoids

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Seedless Vascular Plants

• Includes the club mosses (Lycophyta) and the
  ferns (Pterophyta)
• Dominant sporophyte generation and presence of
  vascular tissue
• Also requires moist habitats- flagellated sperm

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Pterophyta-Ferns
Dominant during the carboniferous period thanks
ferns, for all of our fossil fuels!
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- Seeds - Gymnosperms Angiosperms
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle
Heterosporous Microspore and Megaspore
(microspore in male cone and becomes male
gametophyte, megaspore in female cone and becomes
female gametophyte)
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Gymnosperms Coniferophyta, the
Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, and the Ginkgophyta

• Reproduce via Cones (equivalent to flowers)
• The name means naked seeds no fruits

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Cycadophyta
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Gingkophyta
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Phylum Coniferophyta
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Gnetophyta
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Seed Structures
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Phylum Anthophyta (Angiosperms)

• Flowering plants
• Most diversified and abundant plant group (more
  than 230,000 species) good for humans!
• Have flowers used for reproduction
• Produce their seeds enclosed in a fruit
• Includes both herbaceous and woody plants

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Anthophyta Life Cycle- also heterosporous
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MONOCOTS VS. DICOTS
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