Dr. David C. Wisler, Manager

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GE Aircraft Engines
Engineering What You Dont Necessarily Learn
in School
Dr. David C. Wisler, Manager University Programs
Aero Technology Labs dave.wisler_at_ae.ge.co
m
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• Introduction
• Thirteen Insights
• Where weve been and
• where were going
• Conclusions

Outline
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Penn State
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Nittany Lions
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General Electric Company

• Eleven Diverse, Boundaryless Businesses

Aircraft Engines
NBC
Plastics
Power Systems
Industrial Systems
Lighting
Appliances
Information Services
Capital Services
Transportation Systems
Medical Systems
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GEAE Advanced/Growth Engines for the Future
High Bypass Turbofans
Turboshaft/ Turboprop
GE90
CF6
T700/CT7 Growth
GP7000
LV100
CFM56
CF34
Low Bypass Turbofans
Stationary Gas Turbines
F120 derivatives for JSF
LM6000 (PC), LM6000 DLE (PD) LM6000(PC, PD)
Sprint LM1600 DLE
F110 Derivatives
LM2500 LM2500DLE
F414
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GEAE Revenue
Engine Services 5.1B (48)
11 B Total
IAD 0.7B (7)
International 48
USA 52
Commercial Engines 2.9B (27)
Military Engines 1.9B (18)
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Introduction
Im often asked How can I succeed in
Engineering?

• No magic formula - but
• Twelve Insights are presented
• Not just One managers opinion - paper
  critiqued by gt30 people in industry,
  government and academe - overwhelming
  support for validity

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Insight 1. Learn to be Business Oriented

• Doesnt mean get an MBA

Operate within this mindset
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Key Ideas

• Understand the Cost of Doing Business
• Learn your companies Business Model
• Realize that todays marketplace is Global
• Understand the relevance of Profit
• Learn to diagnose manage marketplace change
• Beware of competition
• Learn the color of money

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1a Understand the Cost of Doing Business
High selling price
Technically complex
Market limited
Materials exotic
Manufacturing difficult
Competition fierce
Labor expensive
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1b. Learn Your Companys Business Model
GEAEs business model requires competitive strateg
ies and long term commitment
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1c. Realize that todays marketplace is global

• Buy American or European not reality

• Must think and act multi-culturally with
  global brains

• Products designed, manufactured, tested,
  serviced globally- Business partners and
  customers are global
• Necessary to reduce cost and sell your product

Ready or not youll be part of the global
business world
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GEAE Global Operations
Nearly 200 Locations on 6 Continents
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MTU
Aero engines
A DaimlerChrysler Company
Cooperation structures in the aero engines field
Yesterdays competitive enemies can be
tomorrows partners
With permission
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1d. Understand the Relevance of Profit
Your company is in business to make a profit and
can go out of business if it doesnt, at which
point you will not have a job.
Profit is a sign of business health
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1e. Learn to Diagnose Marketplace Change
Change happens

• Competition, world economics, disease, war,
  contracts won or lost, new technology, etc.
  force companies to
• Realign workforce
• Restructure ways of doing business
• Adjust cost of products
• Failure to recognize respond to change can kill
  your company and your career.

Manage it
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1f. Beware of your Competition

• Competition in todays engine market is
  absolutely fierce.
• Success can breed failure if complacency sets in.

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1g. Learn the Color of Money
Explanation or Use
Type of Money
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Youll Need to Know This Because

• Types of monies cannot generally be interchanged
• Penalties can be assessed for mixing types
• Fines
• Company barred from government contracts
• Employee disciplined or dismissed

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So Learn to be Business Oriented Engineering is
much more than calculating stuff
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Insight 2. Expect Tough, Multi-disciplinary
Problems

• Problems youll encounter are tough and more
• multi-disciplinary than those in college

• Will require your utmost technical acumen
• Must draw simultaneously on many disciplines
• Cant say This problem isnt in my field
  because many problems are caused by a chain
  of events

• So broaden yourself technically

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BUT Learn when to stop
There comes a point when further design, further
analysis, and further research does not add
value and drives in unnecessary cost.
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Insight 3. Learn to Work and Network in a New
Environment

• In a new faster-paced time scale -
  Shorten concept-to-market time, critical path
  scheduling

• As a team player - You can accomplish
  little by yourself - Operate in
  boundaryless manner, form alliances -
  Rarely is a non-team player honored or promoted

• In multi-cultural, multi-national environment
  - Vastly different cultures, languages,
  ethnicities, time zones

• With good communication skills

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Develop Good Communication Skills
Like it or not, you will have to

• Document your work in
• reports of all kinds technical papers
• memos PowerPoint
• Design Record Books etc, etc.
• Make oral presentations
• Discuss things with peers, managers, customers,
  etc.

AND Learn to give a good elevator speech
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From operations manual for pilots of a major
non-US airline
There appears to be some confusion over the new
Pilot Role titles. This notice will hopefully
clear up any misunderstandings...
The Landing Pilot is the Non-Handling Pilot until
the decision altitude call, when the Handling
Non-Landing Pilot hands the handling to the
Non-Handling Landing Pilot, unless the latter
calls go-around, in which case the Handling
Non-Landing Pilot continues handling and the
Non-Handling Landing Pilot continues non-handling
until the next call of land or go-around, as
appropriate.
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Insight 4. Understand the Differences between
Academe and Industry

• Both are dedicated, but focus and metrics
  different

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Comparison
Academia Industry

• INDIVIDUAL oriented TEAM oriented

• Who conceived of the idea? Where are the
  results?

• Is it ORIGINAL work? Can we leverage existing
  work?

• Does it contribute to SCIENCE? Does it
  contribute to the BUSINESS?

• Is it interesting to do? Is it worthwhile -
  financially?

• Will it make archival Will it make it into
• PUBLICATION? PRODUCTION?

• Dont limit my scientific inquiry Does it make
  physical sense to do?

• Develop the equations, analysis, Fit a curve
  through the data and/or etc. from first
  principles. anchor existing analysis.

• Is it original complete - from Is it
  institutionalized into system a scientific
  (physics) perspective? from engineering
  perspective?

• Cant schedule ideas Are we meeting budget,
  schedule?

• Publish, Publish, Publish Customer, Customer,
  Customer

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Comparison, Contd.
Academia Industry

• Will graduate when problem solved Be done by
  _________ !

• Each faculty / student does Each person follows
  design practice, things their own way (of course
  company procedures, templates,
• using sound scientific process). uses accepted
  tools

• Non-profit institution Must make a profit to
  stay in business

• Informal management process Formal management
  process

• Solve roadblock and schedule Identify and
  manage risks carefully
• issues, etc. as they present up front with
• themselves - Risk abatement plan
• - Critical path scheduling

• PIs largely in business for Each manager is
  agent for higher
• themselves manager up to corporate shareholders

• Graduate students, publish papers Sell the
  product

You must understand these differences!
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Venus
Mars
Earth
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Engineering is the practical application
of science to construct useful things
Get you hands on the product in some meaningful
way. If you havent, you probably havent
experienced the art of engineering.
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Insight 5. Learn to Differentiate all over again
Your management will do it, so give yourself edge
and beat them to the game.

• Identify your strong points, fix your weak ones.

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Capture the Four Es

• Energy - has high energy levels

• Energize - can energize others

• Edge - has discernible characteristics that
  separate in meaningful, favorable ways

• Execute - consistently delivers of promises

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Insight 6. Understand the Values, Code of
Conduct and Culture of your Company

• Learn them and live by them
• - honesty, trustworthiness, diversity
  - conflict resolution, safety, etc.

• Improve them if needed

• Move on if you cant fit in
• (or you may be moved on faster than you
  think)

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Insight 7. Be Open to Ideas from Everywhere

• Attitude, Attitude, Attitude
• - Nourish a positive, receptive attitude
  - A bad attitude hinders you quickly

• No NIH (Not invented here) Attitude
• - Often pathological with people
  organizations - Others may have a better
  idea than you

(even if you are a manager)
Learn to accept right approaches and reject wrong
ones
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Historys Bold Forecasts
1. This telephone has too many shortcomings to
be seriously considered as a means of
communication. The device is inherently of no
value to us. Western Union internal memo,
1876 2. Heavier-than-air flying machines are
impossible. Lord Kelvin, president, Royal
Society, 1895 3. Everything that can be
invented has been invented. Charles H. Duell,
Commissioner, US Office of Patents, 1899 4.
Airplanes are interesting toys but of no
military value. Marshal Ferdinand Foch, Prof.
of Strategy, Ecole Superieure de Guerre
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Historys Bold Forecasts, Contd
5. Professor Goddard does not know the relation
between action and reaction and the need to have
something better than a vacuum against which to
react. He seems to lack the basic knowledge
ladled out daily in high school. New York
Times editorial re Goddards rocket work,
1921 6. The wireless music box has no
imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a
message sent to nobody in particular. David
Sarnoffs associates, in response to his urgings
for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
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Historys Bold Forecasts, Contd
7. Who the hell wants to hear actors
talk. Harry M. Warner, Warner Bros., 1927 8.
I think there is a world market for maybe five
computers. Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM,
1943. 9. There is no reason for any individuals
to have a computer in their home. Ken Olsen,
President, Chairman and founder of Digital
Equipment Corporation, 1977.
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So Persist with your ideas

• Invent Something
• Make Something Work (or happen)
• Be an Idea person

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Insight 8. Have Unyielding Integrity

• Cheating is wrong whether you get caught or not.
• Character is important and will get you respect.

• Non-technical society is at the mercy of the
  technical person, therefore your utmost vigilance
  is necessary
• Hidden flaws, careless science, lazy analysis can
  cause
• technical embarrassment
• economic, social, environmental damage to
  society
• peoples injury or death

Can it pass the Newspaper Test?
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Insight 9. Make Your Manager a Success
Your manager

• Recommends people to promote
• Determines salary actions
• Writes performance appraisals
• Assigns work projects
• Recommends who to downsize

Regarding your manager as an antagonist is a sure
way to fail.
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• If you dont like, respect, admire your boss,
  then move on to another job. Youre wasting
  your time BUT the problem may be YOU.

• Handle your job so it doesnt need your
  managers attention. Be a Can Do person.

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Insight 10. Support Your University Technical
Society

• You owe a great deal to your college /
  university - give seminars, talk to
  students
• - visit the campus, dialogue with the
  faculty

• Technical societies provide many benefits

• Education
• Technical journals
• Professional development
• Conferences (attendance may be tough)
• Scholarships
• Government relations

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Insight 11.
Have fun
Love your work
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Insight 12. Learn about your Heritage and Build
Upon It

• What are the accomplishments of the engineers
• in your field who have gone before you?

• - Benefit to improving standard of living,
  safety, etc.
• Benefit to society

• How will you contribute to and build upon
  this heritage?

Do you understand the Big Picture?
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Twenty Engineering Achievements that Transformed
our Lives
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water Purification Distribution
Cross-functional, Multi-disciplinary Nature of
the Accomplishments
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Insight 13. Manage Your Career
YOU
Primary responsibility rests with
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Myths about Career Development

• Myth 1. Do a good job and the company will
  take care of you (even for life).

• Myth 2. Its not what you know but who you
  know that counts

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Myths about Career Development

• Myth 3. Career planning is my managers job.

• Myth 4. Nobody reads performance appraisals

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Myths about Career Development

• Myth 5. Can only get ahead in high visibility
  area.

• Myth 6. Id rather be lucky than good

• Myth 7. Just tell me the career path to be on.

- Sorry, no magic formula
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In managing your career

• Never stop learning

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Remember

• There are no magic formulas to success

BUT

• In evaluating you, there are three overarching
  attributes that managers look for

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There are three overarching attributes of an
engineer
1. Technical knowledge and engineering skill -
How well do you apply these to provide
creative ideas in support of the business?
2. Teamwork and leadership - How well do you
maintain flexible and effective team
relationships?
3. Execution and productivity - How well do you
apply knowledge, understanding and judgment in
planning and executing programs?
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So were have we been and where are we going?
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Summer 1918 - Moss tests Turbosupercharger -
Pikes Peak
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Top Secret Meeting with GE in Washington, DC Sept
4, 1941
General Arnold says Gentlemen, I give you the
Whittle engine
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GE90-115B 115,000 lbs. Thrust (max 122,965
lbs.)
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Worlds First jet flight - Aug. 27, 1939
Heinkel He 178
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First American Jet Flight Oct. 2, 1942
Bell XP - 59
An army officer who saw no propeller said
How does the damn thing go?
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GE F110 powered F-14 Tomcat
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GE J47-powered Boeing B47 Bomber
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GE CF6 powered MD-11
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GE90 Powered Boeing 777
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Specific Fuel Consumption Advancement
0.9
JT3C
Low Bypass Turbofan
2nd Gen High Bypass Turbofan
High Bypass Turbofan
Turbojet
0.8
JT3D-1
JT8D-9
CJ805
0.7
JT8D-217
TAY 620
JT9D-7A
SFC 35K/0.8Mn Uninstalled
JT9D-3A
CFM56-2
CF6-6D
RB-211-524D
CFM56-5A
BR 715
V2500 A1
0.6
JT9D-7R4G2
CF6-80A
RB-211-535E4
CF6-80C2-B6F
CFM56-5C4
PW2037
PW4056
CF6-80E1-A2
PW4168
PW4098
PW4084
TRENT 895
GE90-85B
0.5
GE90-115B
0.4
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Certification Date
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Noise Reduction Advancements
Turbojet
120

• Normalized to 100,000-lb. thrust
• Noise levels are for airplane/engine
  configurations at time of initial service

707-100
110
Noise Level, EPNdB (1500-ft. sidelines)
Second Generation Turbofan
DC-9-10
737-200
727-200
100
737-200
A321
747-200
A310
First Generation Turbofan
A330
747-400
DC-10-30
737-300
90
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Year of Initial Service
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Thrust-to-Weight Trend
GE Engines Fn/Wt
F414
F110
J85
F404
F101
TF34
CF700
CF6-50
CFM56-5B
CFM56-5C
GE90-115B
CF6-80
TF39
CF6-6
J93
CFM56-7B
GE90-94B
Thrust-to-Weight Ratio
J79
GE90-85B
CJ805
J53
J73
J33
J47-E
J31
J47-C
I-A
J35
Introduction
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GENY The Next Step
Goals
21st Century Aeropropulsion Preeminence
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Hybrid PDE Engine Concept
Traditional Engine Configuration
Combustor
Fan
LP Compr.
LP Turb
HP Comp.
HP Turb
High Pressure Core
Pulse Detonation Engine Core
Hybrid (PDE) Engine Configuration
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Have you noticed that we have a new name? We are
now GE Transportation which brings together GE
Aircraft Engines and GE Locomotives So look for
our exciting new product!
Coming Soon
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The Next Generation of Transportation
 
 
 
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How are we going to make Where were going
happen?
You
the students in this room, and those like you
are the future leaders who will make it happen.
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Youve chosen an exciting career and I wish you
good success
But remember Those bright-eyed, bushy-tailed
young engineers will continue to nip at your
heels.
Thank you for listening
Go Lions