ARAMA KURTARMA KARSILASILAN SORUNLAR

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY
Ahmet Hamdi USTA Deputy General Director General
Directorate of Civil Defence TURKEY
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Presentation Plan
I. Introduction II. Legal Framework
for Disaster Management System III. Main
Responsible Bodies for Disasters and Other
Emergencies IV. The Present Crisis
Management System V. The Organisation of
the Civil Defence General Directorate VI.
The Civil Defence College VII. The
Re-structuring Works VIII. Professional Search
and Rescue Teams IX. Volunteer Guidance and
Cooperation Procedure. X. Possibilities for
cooperation with the EU and EU Member States
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I. Introduction
Earthquakes, landsllides, floods avalanches,
rock-fall, fires Industrial hazards, NBCR
threats, accidents, environmental pollution

• 92 of our country is under the risk of
  earthquake,
• North Anatolian Fault Zone,
• East Anatolian Fault Zone,
• South-Aegean Graben System,
• East Anatolian Overlap.

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Legal Framework for Disaster Management System

• Law on Civil Defence (1958)
• Law on Measures Regarding Disasters (1959)
• Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center
  Regulations (1997)
• Decree on Mandatory Earthquake Insurance (2000)
• Guidance on Participation of Volunteers in Civil
  Protection Services (2000)
• Decree Establishing the Prime Ministry Emergency
  Management General Directorate (2000)
• Regulations on the Establishment,
  Responsibilities, Operational Principles and
  Fundamentals of Civil Protection Search and
  Rescue Units (2000)
• Regulations on Construction in Natural Disaster
  Prone Areas (2002)

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III Main Responsible Bodies For Disasters and
Other Emergencies in Center

A- General Directorate of Turkish Emergency
Management (Prime
Ministry) B- General Directorate of Civil
Defence (Ministry of Interior) C- General
Directorate of Disaster Affairs (Ministry of
Settlement and Public Works) D- Turkish Red
Crescent Society
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Emergency Management General Directorate of Prime
Ministry It has been established after the major
earthquakes of August 17th and November 12th of
1999. Tasks I. Establish and coordinate
emergency management centers in government
departments and agencies II. Monitor and
evaluate implementation of measures and
preparation of short- long-term
plans III. Coordinate the utilization of all
types of land, sea and air transport vehicles
and rescue/relief equipment
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• General Directorate of Civil Defence
• The General Directorate of Civil Defence was
  established within the Ministry of Interior as an
  one of the main units.
• Tasks
• I. Fulfill civil defence functions through
  provincial and district Civil Defence
  Directorates civil defence experts within
  public private institutions
• II. Set up civil protection and defence
  services nationwide and to ensure the planning,
  implementation, coordination and supervision of
  measures in government and private
  establishments
• Plan and implement all activities for
  non-armed protection, emergency assistance
  and first aid
• Set standards for fire departments, educate
  their staff, supervise and coordinate them for
  fire protection and prevention
• Train civil defence personnel and create public
  awareness

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General Directorate of Disaster Relief
Affairs This organisation goes on its function
under the frame of the Ministry of Public Works
and Settlement. Tasks I. Implement
coordinate emergency relief operations after
disasters II. Implement short- long-term
measures for immediate temporary sheltering
III. Determine disaster prone areas and take
necessary mitigation measures IV. Determine
and ensure implementation of all measures and
principles to ensure minimum loss of life and
assets in disaster prone areas
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• Turkish Red Crescent Organisation (NGO)
• In cooperation with the relevant Institutions
  this non-govermental institution can be counted
  down as follows
• I. Organizes humanitarian relief (food, clothes,
  blankets, tents etc.) and provides temporary
  accommodation and other urgent needs of victims
• II. Assists in the delivery of national and
  international assistance (including medical
  teams equipment, blood/blood products and
  their storage distribution)

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IV-The Present Crisis Management System

• A) Central Crisis Management
• a) Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center
• Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center was
  established in 1997 to show activity during the
  crisis time.
• The centre is combined ministers and all chief
  representatives of relevant ministries and it is
  responsible for directing all preparations and
  activities needed to prevent, mitigate, and stop
  all issues that arise during crisis for national
  interests.
• For the implementation of services and activities
  needed, it ensures all coordination, cooperation
  and common activity among the General Staff of
  the Turkish Armed Forces, relevant ministries and
  other associated institutions in order to
  minimize the negative consequences of the crisis.

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• Prime ministry crisis management center consists
  of the following sections. These are
• The crisis coordination council,
• The crisis evaluation and follow up council,
• The secretariat.

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Prime Ministry or Related Ministry of State
General Staff of Turkish Armed Forces
Ministry of Health
Ministry of State
Ministry of Transportation
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Social Security and Work
Ministry of Interior
Ministry of Industry and Trade
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Energy and Natural Sources
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Environment and Forest
Ministry of Education
General Secretariat of National Security Council
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement
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b) Crisis Management Centers of Related Ministries
Crisis Centers of the Ministries, Public
Institutions, and Organizations are also
established with the leadership of the
senior-level staff. Centers are responsible for
coordination, implementation and administration
of the operational tasks of the relevant
ministries, public institutions, and
organizations.
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B) Provincial Crisis Management
The Governor, who is the general administrator of
the province is also the head of the Provincial
Crisis Management. He is responsible for all the
activities during any type of disasters and
crisis. He is representatives of the government
in the provinces or districts. In the name of
government he can coll for all the public and
private enterprises and military units if needed.
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B- Provincial Crisis Management Center
Governor or Deputy Governor
Commander of Garrison
Director of Healthy
Mayor
Director of Agriculture
Commander of Gendarme
Director of Environment and Forest
Director of Rural Affairs
Police Chief
Director of Civil Defense
Director of Electricity Corporation
Director of Finance
Director of Water Supplies
Director of Education
Director of Telecommunication
Director of Public Works and Settlement
Director of Highway
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THE PRESENT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CHART
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V- The Organisation of the General
Directorate of Civil Defence
The General Directorate of Civil Defence is one
of the main units of the Ministry of Interior. It
functions according to act 7126 passed in 1959.
The Ministry of Interior in Turkey is
responsible of the realization of civil defence
services. The General Directorate of Civil
Defence has been carrying out these services
under the authority of the Ministry of Interior.
The Turkish Civil Defence Organisation is a
civilian establishment that performs the duties
of search and rescue, first aid and other moral
services behind the front.
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ORGANISATION OF GDCD

• GDCD consists of
• Central Organisation
• Provincial Organisation

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CENTRAL ORGANISATION
Planning and Assessment Committee
GENERAL DIRECTOR
DEPUTIES OF GENERAL DIRECTOR
SEARCH, RESCUE AND OPERATION DIVISION
PLANNING AND TECHNICAL DIVISION
EQUIPMEND AND FINANCIAL DIVISION
DEFENSE SECRETARY DIVISION
ORGANISATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION
ORGANISATION AND EDUCATION SECTION
FUND SECTION
DEFENSE SECTION
PLANNING AND COORDINATION SECTION
DISASTER AND FIRE AFFAIRS SECTION
BUDGET SECTION
PERSONNEL SECTION
MOBILISATION SECTION
WARNING AND DETECTION SECTION
OPERATION AND UNITS SECTION
EQUIPMENT AND FINANCIAL SECTION
PROTECTIVE SECURITY SECTION
PUBLICATION AND PROMOTION SECTION
PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SECTION
TECHNICAL SECTION
LEGISLATION AND INSPECTION SECTION
ADMINISTRATION SERVICES SECTION
NATO AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS SECTION
CIVIL DEFENSE COLLEGE
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PROVINCIAL ORGANISATION
GOVERNOR OF PROVINCE
CIVIL DEFENSE SEARCH AND RESCUE UNITS
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VI- Civil Defence College

• Established in1960 in Ankara
• Only education and training institution which
  provides specialized training
• Trains the civil defence staff, fire fighter
  trainers and general population trainers
• The main training fields are civil defence, NBC,
  search and rescue, fire disaster risks and
  protection methods, planning of mobilization and
  war situation

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VII-The Re-structuring Works
Disaster Response Before 1999 Earthquakes
The disasters were responded by a) provincial
emergency assistance and rescue teams b) limited
personnel dispatched from the HQ of Ministry c)
the conscripts who were called for duty by the
provincial governors if deemed necessary
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Lessons Learned

• Dead 18.243 Injured 48.900
  Collepse building 377.879
• The number of the provincial teams were
  insufficient,
• The conscripts coming from other provinces were
  not able to gather on time, were reluctant,
  were not in sufficient numbers and lacked
  technical support ,
• The conscripts in the disaster area became
  victims themselves,
• The participation of volunteers to the civil
  defence services were insufficient.
• Therefore, the system didnt work well.
• The affecting huge areas and striking the most
  richest region of Turkey as economically the
  Marmara Earthquake has showed the lack of the
  existence structure and so the necessity of the
  restructuring.

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• These experiences gained indicated that response
  to disasters requires
• Properly equipped and trained professional teams
• Planned and coordinated cooperation with
  volunteer teams
• Preparedness for initial response at community
  level
• d) Increase number of units technical assets
• e) Increase speed of mobilization and movement of
  units from outside the area
• It proved that the activities of search and
  rescue in disasters have to be performed by the
  professional equipped teams.

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VIII. Professional Search and Rescue Units and
Teams
The various changes were done by different
regulations. Units and teams were established
According to Act 586 in 1999.
Civil Defense Search and Rescue units were built
in 11 Province and each units is responsible
between 5 10 provinces in their area in
2001.
Other Civil Defense Search and Rescue teams 10
30 technicians in 70 Provinces were established
as well.

Each unit consists of 120 search and rescue
technicians.
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Civil Defence Search and Rescue Unit Campuses

1. Headquarters (Offices and social facilities),
2. Maintenance facilities,
3. Stores and fitness centre,
4. The training centre for dogs,
5. Field training and tribune,
6. Rescue pool,
7. Helicopter port,
8. Fuel station,
9. Trafo and generator building.

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Training Facilities and Activities

• Simulation centre with 3-D shaking table
• Fire training centre for fire fighters
• Rubble training field for SAR personnel and
  volunteers
• Search dog trainings
• Trainings to officers from governmental
  organisations, NGOs and students

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Simulation center for 120 persons was built in
Ankara in 2003. That can be moved three-dimension
and will be able to test the earthquakes in the
variety magnitude.
FIRE TOWER and FULL DAMAGED and COLLAPSED
BUILDING SIMULATION CENTER 3-D SHAKING TABLE
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IX- Volunteer Guidance and Cooperation Procedure
Following 1999 earthquakes the sensitivity of
Turkish society has increased dramatically and
more than 100 SAR teams were established by
volunteer groups nationwide. Thousands of
citizens applied to be trained as responders by
the Civil Defense. The Guidance relating
Procedures of the Participating in the Civil
Defence Services of Volunteers were put into
effect in May 2000 The aim of this Guidance is
to enable and regulate the participation of
volunteer citizens and citizen groups into civil
defense services, It defines and regulates the
mutual responsibilities of volunteers and the
Civil Defence organisation.
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• Voluntary organisations that participate in the
  civil defence services should sign the protocol
  
• With General Directorate of Civil Defence if they
  have been organised more than one province,
• With the Directorates of Province Civil Defence,
  if they have been organised in one province,
• With the Directorates of District Civil Defence,
  if they have been organised in one district.

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Number of organisations joined at nationwide
level 17 Number of organisations joined at
provincial levels 94
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• Training subjects in this Guidance are
• Search and Rescue, First aid.
• Social assistance
• Using the light rescue equipments
• Fire extinguishing
• Removing the debris
• NBC determination and decontamination
• Working in the field by participating in the
  exercises
• Training of search dogs

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Working Together with The Volunteer Organisations

Common activities with volunteer organisations
are as follows Turkey Abroad I. 1995
Afyon-Dinar Earthquake I. 2001 El Salvador
II. 1998 Adana-Ceyhan Earthquake II. 2001
India III. 1999 Marmara Earthquake III.
2003 Algeria IV. 1999 Bolu-Düzce
Earthquake IV. 2003 Iran V. 2002
Afyon-Sultandag Earthquake V. 2005 Pakistan
VI. 2003 Bingöl Earthquake Mobilisation and
deployment of volunteers to disaster areas are
coordinated by local civil defence
organisations It is a rule of this Guidance that
volunteer organisations should work with the
cooperation of the Civil Defence Professionals
while working together.
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X. POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION WITH THE EU AND
EU MEMBER COUNTRIES
Existing Relations General Directorate of
Civil Defence of Ministry of Interior is a focal
point for MIC. Since 2000, It has participated in
the meetings of General Directors of EU, EEA and
Candidate Countries. Our Ministry consider to
sign MoU with EU to join Civil Protection
Mechanism.
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Our Organisation takes part in the Steering
Committee of EUROMED Bridge Programme.
Representatives of our organisation and other
related institutions have actively participated
in self-training workshops, exchange of experts
programmes and exercises organised within this
Project. In this framework of this Project,
GDCD organised a workshop on Urban Risk
Management in Istanbul in 2006. Also we will
host the Second Meeting Directors of National
Civil Protection/ Civil Defence School to be
held in Istanbul on March, 17-18, 2008.
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GDCC joined in the Project on Promotion of
volunteer in civil protection in the EU Member
States and EEA Countries on the basis of the
recommendation of common standars carried out by
THW. It is also taking part at the moment in the
Project on Assessment manual of best practices
in various types of emergencies carried out THW
and French Civil Defence and Security
Directorate. Turkey and Greece signed the
Protocol on The Formation of a Joint
Hellenic-Turkish Standby Disaster Response Unit
to improve cooperation and response to disaster
jointly. In order to implement this Protocol a
joint exercise was conducted successfuly in
Ankara in December 2006.
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Cooperation Areas for the future Turkey has
much experiences with natural disasters. Lessons
learned showed that disaster management can only
be achieved by strong institutional structuring,
early warning systems, knowledge sharing,
improving of operational capacity, risk reduction
efforts and enhancing the educational and
awareness capacity.
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• Turkey has reviewed and renewed her understanding
  of civil protection. Because our organisation
  intends to join EU Civil Protection Mechanism and
  aims at increasing its capacity to higher level,
  it opens especially the following cooperation
  areas
• Early Warning
• Information exchange on EU civil protection
  arrangements and activities
• Participation in EU projects and other
  activities (administrative and financial
  procedures-how to prepare and run/participate a
  Project or other activities
• Operational capacity (receiving international
  assistance, participation in international civil
  protection interventions

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Presented by Ahmet Hamdi USTA Deputy General
Director General Directorate of Civil
Defence TURKEY