Feedstuff Identification Education Session

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FeedstuffIdentificationEducation Session
Feed Ingredients
Processed Feeds
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Education Session
Feed Ingredients
Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa
SilageBarleyBeet PulpBrewers GrainCorn,
shelledCorn, crackedCorn, groundCorn
GlutenCorn SilageCottonseed, fuzzyFat, dry
Fish Meal
Grain Sorghum Molasses, dryOats, wholeOats,
rolledPorcine MealRiceRyeSoybean Hull
PelletsSoybean MealVitamin BlendWheatWheat
BranWheat Middling
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Alfalfa Cubes
Source Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff
made from whole alfalfa plants harvested prior to
blooming for superior nutrient content.
Processing Alfalfa cubes are a processed
feedstuff. The alfalfa plants are harvested
prior to blooming at maturity and processed into
large cubes. The alfalfa is ground into a meal
and mechanically pressed into cubes that are
approximately the size of ice cubes.
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Alfalfa Cubes
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
91 18 29
Complete Table
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Alfalfa Cubes

• Type of Feedstuff
• Processed roughage fed to increase fiber and
  protein in a grazing diet
• Common Diets
• Fed whole to beef cows
• Fed whole to horses
• Fed whole to ruminant wildlife, such as buffalo,
  deer, and elk

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Alfalfa Leaf Meal
Source Alfalfa leaf meal originates from whole
alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to
blooming. The leaves of alfalfa contain the
highest percentage of nutrients of the
plant. Processing Alfalfa leaf meal is a
processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are
harvested prior to blooming, and the leaves are
mechanically removed. The leaves are dried and
ground into a meal form.
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Alfalfa Leaf Meal
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 28 15
Complete Table
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Alfalfa Leaf Meal

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source
• Common Diets
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Heifer development feeds
• Sheep feeds

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Alfalfa Silage
Source Alfalfa silage originates from whole
alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to
blooming. Alfalfa is mowed and air- dried prior
to harvesting. Processing Alfalfa silage is a
processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are
harvested prior to blooming and mechanically
chopped into smaller particles. The silage is
stored to promote fermentation and to maintain
moisture content.
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Alfalfa Silage
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
30 18 28
Complete Table
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Alfalfa Silage

• Type of Feedstuff
• Forage that supplements a high level of protein
  and moderate levels of fiber
• Common Diets
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Feedlot cattle feeds

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Barley
Source Barley is widely grown in Europe and the
cooler climates of North America and Asia. A
small percentage is used in human consumption,
while the remainder is used in the brewing
industry and livestock feeds. Processing Barley
can be fed whole or slightly processed. Barley
that has been processed typically has been
steamed and rolled or had the hulls removed.
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Barley
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 12 5
Complete Table
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Barley

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Horse feeds
• Colt starter feeds
• Feedlot cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds

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Beet Pulp
Source Beet pulp is a by-product from the
processing of beets. The vegetable matter that
remains after sugar is extracted from beets is
called pulp. It is a highly digestible fiber
that swells in the rumen to promote digestion.
Processing Beet pulp is a processed feedstuff.
Whole sugar beets are sliced, and the sugar is
extracted. The remaining pulp is dried and fed
to livestock.
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Beet Pulp
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
91 11 21
Complete Table
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Beet Pulp

• Type of Feedstuff
• Forage that supplements moderate amounts of
  protein and lots of fiber
• Common Diets
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Horse feeds
• Sheep feeds

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Brewers Grain
Source Brewers grain is a by-product of the
brewing of alcoholic beverages from grain.
Grains are blended together and processed to form
a wort, which is later filtered out and utilized
as a feedstuff. Processing Brewers grain is
a processed feedstuff. A variety of grains are
blended, cooked with water, and fermented for a
period of time. Upon completion of the brewing
process, the wort is dried to produce brewers
grain.
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Brewers Grain
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
23 26 13
Complete Table
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Brewers Grain

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source
• Common Diets
• Lactating dairy cattle feeds
• Feedlot cattle feeds
• Feedlot sheep feeds

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Corn
Source Corn is grown in many regions of the world
and is typically referred to as maize in other
countries. Corn is the most popular feedstuff in
areas where it grows well. It produces more
digestible energy per unit of land than any other
grain crop. Processing Corn can be fed whole
or slightly processed. It is typically harvested
at a moisture content suitable for feedstuffs.
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Corn
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
88 9 2
Complete Table
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Corn

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Nearly all domestic livestock feeds
• Wild game, fowl, and fish food
• Pet food

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Cracked Corn
Source Cracked corn originates from whole corn.
It differs from whole corn in that it has been
processed prior to feeding to livestock.
Processing Cracked corn is a processed grain.
Whole corn is cracked into smaller particles by
running the grain between aggressive rollers of a
mill. The processing is performed to make the
corn nutrients more readily available to animals.
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Cracked Corn
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
88 9 2
Complete Table
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Cracked Corn

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Beef cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Horse feeds
• Colt starter feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Lamb starter feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Wild game feeds

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Ground Corn
Source Ground corn originate from whole corn. It
differs from whole corn in that it has been
aggressively processed prior to feeding to
livestock. Processing Ground corn is a
processed grain. Whole corn is ground into a
meal form by running the grain through very
aggressive hammers of a mill. The processing is
performed to make the corn nutrients more readily
available or for mixing into processed feeds.
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Ground Corn
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
88 9 2
Complete Table
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Ground Corn

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Swine feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Wild game bird feeds
• Processed feeds

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Corn Gluten Meal
Source Corn gluten is a by-product of corn. It
is produced from the manufacturing of cornstarch
and corn syrup. Processing Corn gluten meal
is a processed feedstuff. It is typically dried
to prevent spoilage and to extend shelf life.
After the gluten is dried, it is typically ground
into a fine meal to break up large chunks. It
may also be processed into pellets for ease of
handling.
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Corn Gluten Meal
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
91 46 5
Complete Table
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Corn Gluten Meal

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source
• Common Diets
• Beef cattle feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Swine feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Pet food
• Processed feeds

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Corn Silage
Source Corn silage originates from whole corn
plants that are harvested during an early stage
of maturity. Corn silage is a high-quality
forage that supplements energy and protein.
Processing Corn silage is a processed
feedstuff. Corn plants are harvested early in
maturity and mechanically chopped into smaller
particles. The silage is stored to promote
fermentation and maintain moisture.
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Corn Silage
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
34 8 21
Complete Table
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Corn Silage

• Type of Feedstuff
• Forage that supplements energy and protein
• Common Diets
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Feedlot cattle feeds

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Dry Fat
Source Dry fat is a by-product fed to increase
the energy levels of feeds. It is typically
harvested at slaughterhouses and processing
plants that produce excess vegetable oils.
Processing Dry fat is a slightly processed
feedstuff. The animal fats are melted down to a
liquid form and dried to create a uniform
texture. It is then ground into a meal form.
The liquid fat is typically screened for purity
before drying.
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Dry Fat
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
99 0 0
Complete Table
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Dry Fat

• Type of Feedstuff
• High-energy source
• Common Diets
• Swine feeds
• Lactating dairy cattle feeds
• Pet food
• Fish food

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Dry Molasses
Source Molasses is a major by-product of sugar
production, including sugar cane, sugar beets,
citrus fruits, wood. Dry molasses has had a
large portion of the moisture removed and can be
pelleted or mealed. It may be used as a
feedstuff flavor enhancer or a medication
carrier. Processing Dry molasses is a
processed feedstuff. Typically, the molasses is
dried and mechanically ground into a meal or made
into a pellet.
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Dry Molasses
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
94 9 2
Complete Table
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Dry Molasses

• Type of Feedstuff
• Feedstuff flavor enhancer that supplies moderate
  levels of energy
• Common Diets
• Cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Horse feeds
• Colt starter feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Lamb starter feeds

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Fish Meal
Source Fish meal originates from fish and fish
particles not suitable for human consumption.
Most fish utilized in fish meal are harvested
from Atlantic coastal waters.
Processing Fish meal is a processed feedstuff.
The fish are ground, cooked, and processed to be
stabilized. Antioxidants such as ethoxquin are
added to prevent the fish oil from becoming
rancid. It must be introduced into diets slowly
to prevent feed refusal.
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Fish Meal
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
90 66 1
Complete Table
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Fish Meal

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source
• Common Diets
• Lactating dairy cattle feeds
• Swine feeds
• Poultry feeds

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Fuzzy Cottonseed
Source Fuzzy cottonseed originates from cotton
plants and is mostly grown in warm climates, such
as the southern states of the United States. It
is a unique feedstuff, due to its high level of
protein, fat, fiber, and energy.
Processing Fuzzy cottonseed typically is not
processed and can be fed whole. It contains a
white fuzz of cotton or can be delinted to remove
the fuzz.
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Fuzzy Cottonseed
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
91 23 29
Complete Table
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Fuzzy Cottonseed

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source with high levels of energy, fat,
  and fiber
• Common Diets
• Lactating dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds

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Grain Sorghum
Source Grain sorghum is grown in drier areas of
the United States, India, and China. It is not
only drought tolerant but also resistant to many
pests. Grain sorghum can be used as a
replacement for corn. Processing Grain
sorghum can be fed whole or slightly processed.
The grain is small and relatively hard, and may
need to be crushed for maximum utilization in
some diets.
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Grain Sorghum
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 11 3
Complete Table
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Grain Sorghum

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Swine finishing feed
• Cattle feed
• Poultry feed
• Wild bird and game feed

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Oats
Source Oats are grown as a crop in northern
Europe and America. They rank fourth in cereal
grain production but account for less than 5 of
overall grain production. Processing Oats can
be fed whole or as a processed grain. Oats are
typically harvested at maturity and stored at a
moisture content to prevent spoilage.
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Oats
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 13 11
Complete Table
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Oats

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Breeding cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Horse feeds
• Colt starter feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Lamb starter feeds

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Rolled Oats
Source Rolled oats originate from whole oats.
They differ from whole oats in that they have
been processed prior to feeding to livestock.
Processing Rolled oats are a processed grain.
They are dried and then flattened by running
between compressing rollers. The hulls are
typically screened out of the grain.
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Rolled Oats
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
84 13 11
Complete Table
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Rolled Oats

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Breeding cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Horse feeds
• Colt starter feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Lamb starter feeds

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Porcine Meal
Source Porcine meal is made from carcass
trimmings, condemned carcasses, and inedible
offal such as the lungs and the digestive system
of pigs. Processing Porcine meal is a
processed feedstuff. The animal tissues are
dried, ground, and blended to meet specific
nutrient levels. Porcine meal is commonly used
in place of meat and bone meal, due to BSE and
FDA regulations.
More information on Meat and Bone Meal
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Porcine Meal
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
93 56 1
Complete Table
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Porcine Meal

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source
• Common Diets
• Swine feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Fish food
• Pet food
• Feedlot cattle feeds

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Rice
Source Rice is grown in many regions of the
world. It is most commonly grown for human
consumption but is available in some regions for
livestock feeds. Processing Rice is typically
fed whole or slightly cracked in most diets. The
majority of rice used in livestock feeds is
classified as rough rice, due to the coarseness
and cracked seeds. The hull is typically removed
for human consumption and some livestock feeds.
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Rice
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 8 10
Complete Table
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Rice

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Other Diets
• Swine feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Poultry feeds

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Rye
Source Rye is most commonly grown in cooler
climates of Europe, Canada, and some regions of
the United States. Its composition is similar to
wheat and may be used as a substitute in some
diets. Processing Rye may be fed whole or
slightly processed. It is commonly fed whole or
slightly cracked in most feeds. It may be
mechanically dehulled in some diets.
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Rye
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 12 2
Complete Table
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Rye

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Lactating dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds

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Soybean Hull Pellets
Source Soybean hull pellets are processed from
whole soybeans. They are processed from the
hulls of soybeans. Processing Soybean hull
pellets are a processed feedstuff. They are
processed by removing the hulls of soybeans and
ground into a meal. The meal is mechanically
pressed into a pellet about the size of a pencil
eraser.
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Soybean Hull Pellets
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
90 12 38
Complete Table
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Soybean Hull Pellets

• Type of Feedstuff
• Forage that supplements moderate amounts of
  protein and lots of fiber
• Common Diets
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Feedlot cattle feeds

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Soybean Meal
Source Soybean meal is produced from the
processing of whole soybeans. It is reasonably
priced and the most commonly used protein source
in North America. Processing Soybean meal is a
processed grain. The whole soybeans are
processed by heating the grain, removing the oil,
and crushing the seed. It is processed and sold
as either 44 or 48 crude protein feedstuff,
depending on the blend.
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Soybean Meal
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
91 48 6
Complete Table
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Soybean Meal

• Type of Feedstuff
• Protein source
• Common Diets
• Swine feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Pet food
• Fish food

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Vitamin Blend
Processing Vitamin blends are formulated to
supplement appropriate levels of vitamins A, D,
and E in livestock feeds. They are not
considered a true feedstuff, but are necessary
for adequate nutrition. Many blends are species
specific, so it should be carefully monitored
when blending a diet. Vitamin A is not typically
found in feedstuffs and must be supplemented for
eye, tissue membrane, and other maintenance.
Vitamin D is supplemented for calcium absorption
and Ca and P metabolism. Vitamin E functions as
an antioxidant for vitamin A absorption and
storage.
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Vitamin Blend
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Vitamin Blend

• Common Diets
• Beef cattle feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Swine feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Horse feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Wild game feeds
• Wild fowl feeds
• Fish food
• Pet food

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Wheat
Source Wheat is grown throughout the world, with
a large portion of the production in the United
States and Canada. Wheat is classified as soft
or hard varieties and varies in protein value.
Processing Wheat can be fed whole or slightly
processed. It is harvested at maturity and dried
to prevent spoilage. Wheat may be cracked or
ground into a meal for diets.
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Wheat
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 14 3
Complete Table
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Wheat

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source
• Common Diets
• Swine feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Wild game feeds

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Wheat Bran
Source Wheat bran originates from whole wheat.
It is a processed meal from the outer coat of
wheat. The wheat bran is typically collected at
flour-milling factories. Processing Wheat bran
is a processed grain. Whole wheat is processed
so that the inner portion of the wheat seed is
removed, leaving the outer coat. The outer coat
is ground into a meal to form wheat bran.
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Wheat Bran
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 17 11
Complete Table
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Wheat Bran

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source with high levels of protein
• Common Diets
• Poultry feeds
• Swine feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds

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Wheat Middling
Source Wheat middling originates from whole
wheat. It is a by-product from the milling of
wheat flour. The wheat middling is typically
collected at flour-milling factories. Processing
Wheat middling is a processed grain. Whole
wheat is processed to remove the inner seed
portion. The remaining particles, including the
finer particles of wheat bran, are included in
wheat middling.
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Wheat Middling
Nutritional Information Nutritional Information Nutritional Information
Dry Matter Crude Protein Crude Fiber
89 18 10
Complete Table
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Wheat Middling

• Type of Feedstuff
• Energy source with high levels of protein
• Common Diets
• Beef cattle feeds
• Swine feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds

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Meat and Bone Meal
More Information The feeding of meat and bone
meal must be carefully monitored.
Ruminant-derived meat and bone meal cannot be fed
to ruminant animals under FDA regulations. This
mandate was put into effect in 1997 to prevent
the spread of BSE (Mad Cow Disease). Meat and
bone meal does not contain horn, hair, hide
trimmings, manure, stomach contents, added blood
meal, or poultry by-products.
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Education Session
Processed Feeds
Blended FeedCrumbCubeMashMealPellet
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Blended Feed
Processing Blended feeds are a mixture of two or
more ingredients and are the most common form of
feed fed to livestock. Blended feeds can include
multiple kinds of ingredients, including grain,
protein sources, medications, vitamins, and
minerals. Blended feed ingredients are typically
processed in some form, such as the cracking of
corn. It may also include some form of dust
control, such as liquid molasses or fat.
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Blended Feed
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Blended Feed

• Common Diets
• Beef cattle feeds
• Dairy cattle feeds
• Swine feeds
• Sheep feeds
• Horse feeds
• Poultry feeds
• Wild game feeds
• Wild fowl feeds

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Crumb
Processing Crumb is typically a mixture of
several ingredients that are ground into a fine
meal, blended, and pressed into pellets. The
pellets are then crushed to make a consistent
texture. Ingredients included in crumb are
grains, protein sources, and flavor enhancers.
Medications may also be included in crumb as a
carrier to the livestock. Crumb is fed dry to
livestock and is typically formulated to feed
free choice.
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Crumb
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Crumb

• Common Diets
• Poultry feeds
• Chick starter feeds
• Swine feeds
• Pig starter feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Wild fowl feeds
• Medicated feed carrier

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Cube
Processing Cubes are made in the same process as
pellets, but in a larger form. They typically
include multiple ingredients, such as grains,
protein source, and in some cases dried
roughages. Cubes are dried to a slightly harder
form than pellets to withstand moisture. They
are designed to be fed on the ground and are
typically fed to mature livestock. Cubes can be
fed to supplement nutrition for grazing animals
and may contain high levels of protein and
essential vitamins and minerals.
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Cube
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Cube

• Common Diets
• Beef cow feeds
• Sow cube feeds
• Horse cube feeds
• Wild game feeds

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Mash
Processing Mash is typically a mixture of several
ingredients that are ground into a fine meal or
small chips and blended for consistency.
Ingredients included in mash are grains, protein
sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may
also be included in mash as a carrier to the
livestock. Mash is typically fed dry but may be
moistened to increased palatability for younger
animals.
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Mash
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Mash

• Common Diets
• Poultry feeds
• Chick starter feeds
• Pig starter feeds
• Wild fowl feeds
• Medicated feed carrier

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Meal
Processing Meal is typically a single ingredient
that is ground into a fine texture or small
chips. Grains are typically ground into meals
to be fed to smaller animals, such as birds or
young pigs. Meal can be fed solely as a protein
or energy source or mixed with other ingredients
to form a mash. Meal is typically fed dry but
may be slightly moistened to increase
palatability for younger animals.
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Meal
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Meal

• Common Diets
• Poultry feeds
• Chick starter feeds
• Pig starter feeds
• Wild fowl feeds
• Pet food

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Pellet
Processing Pellets are typically a mixture of
several ingredients and have become a common form
of feed for livestock. Pellets are made by
taking a meal or mash, adding a slight amount of
moisture, rolling into a ball, and compacting or
forcing through die openings by a mechanical
process. Ingredients in pellets include grains,
protein sources, and occasionally flavor
enhancers and medication. Pellets are the
easiest form of feeding several ingredients to
animals and are readily consumed by multiple
species of livestock. (more information)
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Pellet
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Pellet

• Common Diets
• Swine feeds
• Pig starter feeds
• Beef cattle feeds
• Calf starter feeds
• Horse feeds
• Wild game feeds

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Pellet
More Information Pet food and fish food are
classified as pellets. They differ slightly from
pellets fed to livestock in that they are more
circular and typically have a higher moisture
content. The higher moisture content is related
to the added fat and increased animal products
used in the feeds.
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