Body Systems that Regulate Body Functions

1
Body Systems that Regulate Body Functions
2
Nervous System

• What is the function of the nervous system?

3
Overview of a vertebrate nervous system
4
Structure of a vertebrate neuron
What are the functions of dendrites, axons,
synapses?
5
The main parts of the human brain
Homeostasis
Thinking, memory, learning
Master Gland
Balance, Movement
Heart rate Breathing
6
REVIEW
7
Hormones The Endocrine System
What is the function of the endocrine system?
8
Definitions

• Hormones
• Chemical messages
• Regulate activity of other cells
• Help maintain homeostasis
• Endocrine glands
• Secrete hormones

9
Endocrine System
10
Types of Hormones

• Protein hormones
• Polar
• Can they go through the cell membrane?
• Steroid hormones
• Made from cholesterol
• Can they go through the cell membrane?

11
Hormones are Chemical Signals
How does a protein hormone regulate a cell? How
does a steroid hormone regulate a cell?
12
Selected Hormones Glands
13
How can hormones maintain homeostasis?
Negative Feedback
14
Adrenal Glands Stress

• Fight or Flight Immediate Stress
• Epinephrine Norepinephrine hormones
• Prepare body for emergency action
• Increase heart rate
• Increase blood glucose level
• Long-term Stress
• Cortisol Aldosterone hormones
• Makes more energy available to body
• Suppresses immune system
• Increases blood pressure

15
Review
Create a Thinking Map of your choice to summarize
what hormones do and how they work.
16
Immune System
What is the function of the immune system?
17
First Line of Defense

• Blocking germs from getting in in the first place
• Skin
• Mucous membranes
• Low pH in stomach

18
Second Line of Defense

• Attacks invaders when they get in
• Not specific kills all cells that arent
  supposed to be there

Phagocytotic WBC
Inflammation
Fever
19
Third Line of Defense

• Specific attacks a specific invader (antigen)
• Examples cold, flu, measels
• Made up of white blood cells
• Cytotoxic T cells
• B cells
• Helper T cells
• Antigens cause a specific immune response

20
Helper T-Cells

• A macrophage (phagocytotic WBC) eats an invader
• It wears surface proteins of the bacteria
• The Helper T-Cell that can fight this infection
  recognizes the surface protein
• The Helper T-Cell organizes B Cells and Cytotoxic
  T-Cells
• Helper T-Cells are Coordinators

21
Cytotoxic T-Cells
Kill infected cells by causing them to lyse (pop
open)
22
B Cells
Make antibodies Antibodies prevent invader from
infecting new cells
Lock and key fit
(Invader)
23
Memory Immunity
Antibodies and Memory Cells remember an
infection so you only get sick once.
24
HIV attacks Helper T-Cells
Very low Helper T Cell Cant fight infections
25
Vaccines

• Cause immunity without sickness
• Cause specific immune response build up of
  antibodies
• Examples
• Killed microbes
• Parts of microbes
• Weakened microbes

26
Review
Think of an analogy to compare and contrast the
non-specific and specific immune responses.
Create a Thinking Map to summarize the function
of the Immune System.