Nuclear Chemistry Review

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Nuclear ChemistryReview
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What is ER?

• radiation moving at the speed of light

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What type of radiation has sufficient energy to
damage DNA?

• Ionizing radiation

4
List 2 of the 4 types of nuclear reactions.

• Radioactive Decay
• Nuclear Bombardment
• Fission
• Fusion

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What is the name of the woman who was a pioneer
of nuclear chemistry?

• Marie Curie

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What is the charge of an alpha particle?

• 2

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How are nuclear reactions different from chemical
reactions?

• Chemical involve boding of valence electrons
  same types amounts of atoms on reactant side as
  product side
• Nuclear involve changes in the nucleus
  (protons/neutrons) different atoms as reactant
  side as compared to product s

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What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation?

• Alpha particles
• Beta particles
• Gamma rays

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What is the nuclear symbol for an alpha particle
AND beta particle?

• Alpha
• Beta

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What could stop gamma rays?

• Several cm of lead

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What could stop alpha particles?

• A piece of paper

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What is the charge of a beta particle?

• -1

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The spontaneous break-down of a nucleus into a
slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by the
emission of nuclear radiation is known as ____

• Radioactive decay

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Radiation with NOT enough energy to ionize atoms
or molecules is called __________

• Non-ionizing radiation

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Which type of nuclear radiation travels at the
speed of light?

• Gamma rays

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Mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a
nuclear chain reaction is called ________

• Critical mass

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A general term for any type of energy that
emanates or radiates outward in all directions is
called ______

• Radiation

18
Write the hyphen notation of an isotope of
radium (Ra) with the mass number of 238 and
atomic number of 88

• Radium - 238

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Write the nuclear symbol of an isotope with an
atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 29.
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A change in the identity of a nucleus because of
a change in the number of its protons is called
______

• Transmutation

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What are two examples of ER?

• gamma rays
• X-rays
• ultraviolet light
• visible light
• infrared light
• microwaves
• radio waves

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What is fission?

• A heavy nucleus SPLITS- forming medium weight
  nuclei

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Atoms of the same element having different
numbers of NEUTRONS and, therefore, a different
mass number and atomic mass are called ________

• Isotopes

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During fission and fusion reactions, what is the
relationship between the MASS of the reactants
and the products?

• The mass of the products is LESS than the mass of
  the reactants

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What type of nuclear radiation consists of
particles containing two protons and two neutrons?

• Alpha

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Which type of nuclear radiation has NO CHARGE?

• Gamma Rays

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______ is the missing mass of a nuclear reaction
that is converted into energy.

• Mass defect

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Which type of nuclear radiation has the LARGEST
mass?

• Alpha particles

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The time needed for the decay of one half the
atoms in a sample of radioactive material is
known as______________

• ½ life

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What powers the sun?

• FUSION

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What type of nuclear reaction occurs when the
nucleus is hit with alpha particles, neutrons,
protons or other particles?

• Nuclear Bombardment

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Small amounts of mass are converted to HUGE
amounts of energy according to Einstein's famous
formula. What is this formula?

• E mc2

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What type of nuclear reaction happens at TMI?

• FISSION

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What is a benefit of radiation?

• Medicine
• Military
• Anthropology
• Food-microwaves
• Energy- electricity

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What type of radiation is emitted in the
following equation?

• Beta Particle

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Balance the following equation.
37
Balance the following equation.
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Which type of nuclear radiation has the HIGHEST
ionizing ability?

• Alpha Particle

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List an example of how radiation is BENEFICIAL.

• Medicine- tracers, cancer treatment
• Military bombs
• Anthropology carbon dating
• Food microwaves
• Electricity - TMI

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Which type of nuclear radiation has the LOWEST
ionizing ability?

• Gamma rays

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How long does it take one radioactive atom to
decay?

• It is impossible to tell!!
• Half-life is based on a sample of radioactive
  atoms

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What is fusion?

• 2 light weight nuclei combine to form a heavier
  nucleus