Historical Models of our Solar System Miss Scillieri 6th Grade

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Historical Models of our Solar SystemMiss
Scillieri6th Grade
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Geocentric Model

• Geocentric-Earth is center of our Solar System
• Unexplained on how planets appear to move
  backwards
• Ptolemy- Was an ancient Greek scientist who
  theorized planets and Sun move in small circles
  around Earth

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Heliocentric Model

• Sun is center of our Solar System
• Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer, who
  first suggest heliocentric theory and vaguely
  mapped out the planets orbiting the sun in a
  circular orbit.

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Galileo

• Supporter of Copernicuss Heliocentric theory
• Observed moons orbiting Jupiter and theorized
  objects can revolve around other planets not just
  Earth
• Telescope was crude, he saw only 4 of 63 moons of
  Jupiter
• Galileo proved heliocentric theory by observing
  the moons of Jupiter. He was placed under house
  arrest. If he did not denounce or say his
  science was a lie he would face death.

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Not a perfect circlean ellipse

• Tycho Brahe- studied Solar System and made very
  accurate recordings of his observations-
  scientific method!
• Tychos assistant, Kepler, used information for
  the details of orbits, this complex math based on
  observations would not be published to after both
  men had died.
• Using Braches data, scientist Kepler found out
  that each planet moves around the sun or is
  wheels on wheels Simply put each planet orbits
  the Sun in an ELLIPTICAL orbit of a certain size.

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Exit SlipAs brain pop plays answer these
questionsName
Date

• Sketch a geocentric model using the Earth and
  Sun

• Match the scientist to his contribution
• __ Used a telescope to discovery moons of Jupiter
  proving HELIOCENTRIC theory
• ___ Supported the GEOCENTRIC theory and thought
  planets orbited in CIRLCES
• ___ Used complex math equations to prove planets
  move in ellipses
• ___ First person to theorize heliocentric theory
• Copernicus
• Galileo
• Kepler
• Ptomely

• Sketch a heliocentric model using the Earth and
  Sun

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Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion

• 1st Law - Law of Ellipses
• Each planet orbits the sun in a path called an
  ellipse or elongated circle
• Ellipse is a closed curve whose path is
  determined by 2 points or foci within the ellipse
• Focus 1 is the Sun and Focus 2 is an imaginary
  point
• Semi-major axis average distance from sun (AU)
  ½ major axis

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Eccentricity

• Degree of elongation or shape of planets orbit
• Ratio between the foci and length of major axis
• Circular 0
• Very elongated 1

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2nd Law Law of Equal Areas

• An imaginary line between the Sun and a planet
  sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the
  planet travels around the ellipse.

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3rd Law Law of Periods

• Mathematical relationship P2 a3
• a semi-major axis (planets average distance from
  Sun measured in AUs)
• p planets orbital period (time)

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Newton

• Used Keplers Laws of planetary motion and
  published Principia for short. In this
  publication, considered to be the greatest piece
  of scientific literature ever written.
• Contains Newtons laws of motion including
  universal gravitation.

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Einstein (1879-1955)

• Changed Newtons gravitational theory based on
  findings of Mercurys orbit.
• Developed Theory of Relativity. It completely
  changed the way we study gravity and even changed
  our understanding of the universe.

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Keplers Laws Simulations

• Click http//www.physics.sjsu.edu/tomley/kepler
  .html
• Bibliography
• http//www.astro.umass.edu/myun/teaching/a100/ima
  ges/geocentric.jpg
• http//www.physics.hku.hk/nature/CD/regular_e/lec
  tures/images/chap04/heliocentric.jpg
• http//www.3villagecsd.k12.ny.us/wmhs/Departments/
  Math/OBrien/galileo5.jpg
• http//galileo.rice.edu/sci/brahe.html
• http//www.asu.cas.cz/had/tycho.jpg
• http//cseligman.com/text/history/ellipse2.jpg
• http//www.windows.ucar.edu/the_universe/uts/keple
  r3_small.gif
• http//library.thinkquest.org/27585/frameset_intro
  .html
• http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ
  /imgrel/merc.gif
• http//zebu.uoregon.edu/soper/Orbits/eccentricity
  .gif
• http//www.physics.hku.hk/nature/CD/regular_e/lec
  tures/images/chap04/geocentric.jpg
• http//outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/cos
  micengine/images/cosmoimg/keplerellipse.gif