Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health

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Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health
G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 13th
Edition Chapter 11
Adapted from Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga
State Technical Community College
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Key Concepts

• Types of hazards people face

• Methods of toxicology

• Types and measurement of chemical hazards

• Types and effects of biological hazards

• Risk estimation, management, and reduction

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Risk and Probability

• Risk

• Probability

• Riskassessment

• Riskmanagement

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Hazards

• Cultural hazards

• Chemical hazards

• Physical hazards

• Biological hazards

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Toxicology

• Toxicity

• Dosage

• Bioaccumulation

• Biomagnification

• Synergism

• Response

• Acute effect

• Chronic effect

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Poisons

• Poison

• LD50

• Median lethal dose

See Table 11-1 p. 232
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Dose-Response Curves

• Dose-response

• Nonthreshold

• Threshold

Fig. 11-6 p. 233
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Chemical Hazards

• Hazardous chemicals

• Mutagens

• Teratogens

• Carcinogens

• Neurotoxins

• Hormonally active agents

• Precautionary principle

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Biological Hazards Diseases

• Nontransmissible disease

• Transmissible disease

• Pathogens

• Vectors

• Antibiotic resistance

• Malaria

• AIDS

See Case Study p. 241
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Risk Analysis

• Risk analysis

• Comparative riskanalysis

• Cost-benefitanalysis

• Risk management

• Risk perception