Key Terms

1
Key Terms England in the 17th Century

• Charles I
• Divine Right
• Petition of Right
• William Laud
• English Civil War
• Cavaliers
• Roundheads
• Oliver Cromwell
• Lord Protector

• New Model Army
• Charles II
• The Restoration
• Habeas Corpus
• Whigs
• Tories
• James II
• The Glorious Revolution
• English Bill of Rights
• William and Mary

2
Charles I (1625-1648)

• Second king of the Stuart Dynasty in England
• Believed in divine right ? belief that rulers are
  chosen by god and therefore are only held
  accountable by God
• Was at war with Spain, demanded funds from
  Parliament ? dissolves Parliament when he is
  refused

3
Charles I's Actions

• Attempts to raise the money for war on his own
  by
• Lodging unfair taxes
• Forcing loans from citizens, mostly knights and
  nobles
• Imposing illegal fines for petty infractions
• Parliament would attempt to get Charles to sign
  the Petition of Right
• Document that was to limit the power of the king
  and reinforce the Magna Carta

4
William Laud

• Archbishop of Canterbury
• Attempted to create a Church of Scotland that
  mimicked the Church of England
• Would lead to an uprising among the Scots
• Forces Charles to work with Parliament

5
English Civil War 1643-1649

• Charles would be forced to sign the Petition of
  Right which he would later dissolve.
• Charles would also attempt to remove a few
  leaders of Parliament which led to the beginning
  of the English Civil War ? Charles would be
  forced to hide in Scotland

6
Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

• Cavaliers (Royalists)
• Mostly Catholic
• Upper class citizens
• Had control over most of England
• Supported Charles I

• Roundheads
• Mostly Protestant
• Middle and lower class citizens
• Had control over most of the money within England
• Supported Parliament

7
Oliver Cromwell (1654-1658)

• Chosen by Parliament to lead their troops against
  Charles I
• Created the New Model Army ? military force of
  Parliament
• Was able to defeat the Royalists and claim
  control of England
• Became Lord Protector ? military dictator of
  England

8
The Fate of Charles I
9
Charles II (1660-1685)

• Shortly after the death of Oliver Cromwell in
  1658 in Ireland, the English selected Charles II
  as the next king
• He did not believe in divine right and shared
  power with Parliament ? considered a limited
  monarchy

10
The Restoration

• The Restoration is the period of time during the
  reign of Charles II where Parliament's power and
  the cultural conventions of England removed by
  Oliver Cromwell were restored.
• Individual rights were given more protection via
  the Writ of Habeas Corpus ? act that stated that
  an arrested individual could obtain a writ that
  would allow him to see a judge within a specific
  period of time and at that point it would be
  decided whether he would be tried for a crime or
  released.

11
The Creation of Political Parties

• Supporters of the king having more power than
  Parliament were known as Tories
• Supporters of Parliament having more power than
  the king were known as Whigs.
• The creation of these two parties would spark the
  beginning of the growth of democracy in England

12
James II (1685-1689)

• Younger brother of Charles II
• Believed in divine right
• Was very Catholic
• Was disliked by Parliament
• Inspired the fear that Catholicism would return
  to England.

13
The Glorious Revolution

• Parliament would request that James' daughter
  Mary and her husband William rule England in
  place of James II.
• William would march on London forcing James II
  flight to France ? this would be considered the
  Glorious Revolution

14
William and Mary (jointly 1689-1694)

• Officially known as William II (1689-1704) and
  Mary II(1689-1694).
• Would rule jointly until Mary's death in 1694.
• Would sign the English Bill of Rights ? clearly
  delineated that Parliament would have more power
  than the king
• Became the basis for other countries' bill of
  rights.