Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

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Step Up To Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Psychology, Eighth Edition By David G. Myers
• Worth Publishers
• (2007)

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1. Consciousness is

• A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and
  remember.
• B) the sudden and often novel realization of the
  solution to a problem.
• C) the process of organizing and interpreting
  sensory information.
• D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

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2. Unlike the unconscious processing of
information, conscious processing occurs

• A) simultaneously.
• B) sequentially.
• C) relatively quickly.
• D) like running on auto pilot.

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3. During the 60s, the school of psychology that
turned most psychologists away from studying the
importance of consciousness was

• A) psychoanalysis.
• B) functionalism.
• C) behaviorism.
• D) Gestalt psychology.

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4. Altered states of consciousness are
physiologically induced, like ___ and
psychologically induced, like ___.

• A) hallucinations meditation
• B) dreaming hallucinations
• C) sensory deprivation orgasm
• D) orgasm oxygen deprivation

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An evolutionary explanation about why we sleep
would be to

• A) repair our brain.
• B) promote growth.
• C) keep us safe.
• D) help us to remember.

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6. Biological processes that systematically vary
over a period of 24 hours are called

• A) daily regimens.
• B) circadian rhythms.
• C) sleep-wake cycles.
• D) lunar cycles.

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7. A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland
that produces sleepiness is

• A) serotonin.
• B) melatonin.
• C) L-triptophan.
• D) dopamine.

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8. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that
occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

• A) alpha waves.
• B) paradoxical sleep.
• C) sleep spindles.
• D) delta waves.

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9. Sleep deprivation has been shown to

• A) increase attentiveness to highly motivating
  tasks.
• B) reduce hypertension.
• C) enhance memory.
• D) diminish immunity to disease.

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10. Which of the following is bad advice for a
person trying to overcome insomnia?

• A) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before
  bedtime.
• B) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before
  bedtime.
• C) Avoid taking short naps during the day.
• D) Awaken at the same time every day
  even if you had a restless night.

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11. People who are highly susceptible to
hypnosis

• A) have a weak will.
• B) have a great imagination.
• C) have to want to be hypnotized.
• D) have a short attention span.

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12. In one study, both hypnotized and
non-hypnotized subjects were told to throw acid
in a research assistants face. In this
experiment, hypnotized people

• A) usually refused to do it.
• B) behaved in the same fashion as non-hypnotized
  individuals.
• C) were influenced to act against their own will.
• D) experienced a heightened sense of personal
  responsibility for their actions.

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13. Police Chief Olson is considering using a
hypnotist to help an eye-witness recall the
events of a crime. The Chief needs to know that

• A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is highly
  qualified.
• B) there is an increased risk of false memories
  with hypnosis.
• C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.
• D) hypnosis can only help if used along with a
  polygraph.

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14. One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis
relieves pain by

• A) distracting attention.
• B) blocking sensory input.
• C) eliciting a deep, REM-like state.
• D) fooling the subject to believe there is no
  pain.

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15. When hypnosis influences behavior after the
hypnotic state, the subject was given a

• A) posthypnotic amnesia.
• B) hypnotic command.
• C) command suggestion.
• D) posthypnotic suggestion.

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16. Two factors involved in determining physical
dependence are

• A) tolerance and withdrawal.
• B) drug type and amount.
• C) quantity and frequency.
• D) psycho-activity and abuse.

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17. The need to take larger and larger doses of a
drug in order to experience its effects is an
indication of

• A) withdrawal.
• B) dissociation.
• C) resistance.
• D) tolerance.

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18. Repeated use of an opiate

• A) decreases the brains reproduction of
  endorphins.
• B) increases heart and breathing rates.
• C) does not seem to be followed by serious
  withdrawal symptoms.
• D) triggers auditory as well as visual
  hallucinations.

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19. The drug Ecstasy has the dangerous
side-effect of

• A) causing dehydration, overheating, increased
  blood pressure, death.
• B) increasing the risk of chronic depression.
• C) impairing memory.
• D) all of the above.

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20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or
injected, it produces a rush of euphoria. As
someone comes off this high, the end result is
a depressive crash caused by

• A) depletion of dopamine.
• B) depletion of norepinephrine.
• C) depletion of serotonin.
• D) all of the above.

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21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug, Jen
experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt
as if she were separated from her own body. She
most likely experienced the effects of

• A) cocaine.
• B) LSD.
• C) heroin.
• D) marijuana.

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22. Which of the following is an amphetamine
that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

• A) Marijuana
• B) Nembutal
• C) Ecstasy
• D) LSD

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23. According to Ernest Hilgards theory of
hypnosis.

• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the willingness
  of the subject.
• B) the subjects consciousness is split.
• C) everyone can become hypnotized if the
  hypnotist is trained.
• D) it is just another form of concentration.

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24 Near-death experiences are

• A) typically recalled as very scary and
  unpleasant.
• B) quite similar to drug-induced hallucinogenic
  experiences.
• C) recalled by nearly all who have been revived
  from cardiac arrest.
• D) scientific proof that we all should go to the
  light.

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25. The best indication that dreaming serves a
necessary biological function is provided by the
fact that

• A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless.
• B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to
  narcolepsy.
• C) most mammals experience REM rebound.
• D) sexual tension is naturally
  discharged during REM sleep.

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Congratulations!
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Answers
Stop here, or continue as a review
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Answers States of Consciousness
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. D
20. D
21. B
22. C
23. B
24. B
25. C