ASEAN regional workshop on bilateral Free Trade Agreements

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ASEAN regional workshop on bilateral Free Trade
Agreements
Lessons from Latin american experience
Francisco Rossi. IP and access to drugs capacity
building project. UNDP - International poverty
centre. Brasilia. Brazil. Francisco.rossi_at_undp-pov
ertycentre.org
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ASEAN Regional workshop on bilateral Free Trade
Agreements

• The stronger the intellectual property rights,
  the better.
• Negotiations with USA Pharma.
• Lessons from Latin America
• On impact of IP
• Next steps

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• Trips plus measures are totally legal.
• Countries on FTAs believe on IP
• Countries on FTAs decided sovereignty
• FTAs do not undermine Doha Declaration
• Trips plus is unadequate term

TRIPS PRECISSIONS.
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Drug makers go furthest to sway Congress By Jim
Drinkard, USA TODAY (26/04/05)

•   By the numbers158 millionSpending in 2004 to
  lobby the federal government.17
  millionCampaign contributions in 2004 to federal
  candidates (67 to Republicans).7.3
  millionSupport for the 2004 political party
  conventions (64 to Republicans). estimate
  Sources Center for Responsive Politics, Campaign
  Finance Institute, Center for Public Integrity

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DIARIO LA REPUBLICA, JUEVES 16 DE SETIEMBRE DEL
2004.
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Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade
Agreements and Public Health
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TRIPS PLUS MEASURES IN RECENT FREE TRADE
AGREMENTS
APROXIMATE DATE 12/2001 12/2002 05/2003 01/2004 02/2004 03/2004 07/2004
JORDAN CHILE SINGAPORE CAFTA AUSTRALIA MOROCCO BAHREIN
DATA PROTECTION
LINKAGES BETWEEN HEALTH REGISTRATION AND PATENTS.
PATENT TERM RESTORATION
RESTORATION BY REGISTRATION
ENFORCEMENT
GENERIC NAME USE RESTRICTIONS. -
PATENTABLE MATTER EXPANSION - - -
COMPULSORY LICENCES RESTRICTIONS - - - -
PARALLEL IMPORTS LIMITATIONS - - - -

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Restrictions on INN (generic names) use

• TRIPS 20
• Other Requirements
• The use of a trademark in the course of trade
  shall not be unjustifiably encumbered by special
  requirements, such as use with another trademark,
  use in a special form or use in a manner
  detrimental to its capability to distinguish the
  goods or services of one undertaking from those
  of other undertakings. This will not preclude a
  requirement prescribing the use of the trademark
  identifying the undertaking producing the goods
  or services along with, but without linking it
  to, the trademark distinguishing the specific
  goods or services in question of that
  undertaking.

• CAFTA
• ARTICLE 15.2 TRADEMARKS
• In view of the obligations of Article 20 of
  the TRIPS Agreement, each Party shall ensure that
  provisions mandating the use of the term
  customary in common language as
• the common name for a good (common name)
  including, inter alia, requirements concerning
  the relative size, placement or style of use of
  the trademark in relation to the common name, do
  not impair the use or effectiveness of trademarks
  used in relation to
• such goods.

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Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade
Agreements and Public Health
Latin American Free Trade Agreements
negotiations. Lessons learned.
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Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade
Agreements and Public Health

• ON PROCESS
• USTR Agreements administrator.
• Confidentiality
• U.N. support. Carlos Correa Veto.
• C.S.O.
• CONGRESS
• Health sector commitment relations with trade
  negotiators

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Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade
Agreements and Public Health

• AFTA PROPOSALS
• Everything.
• Patents for plants, animals, diagnostic,
  chirurgical and therapeutic methods.
• Patents for uses
• C.L. restrictions.
• National exhaustion of rights

• AFTA PROPOSALS
• Everything.
• Patent term restorations.
• Linkage
• Data protection
• Restriction on generic names

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Intellectual Property Rights, Free Trade
Agreements and Public Health

• AFTA PROPOSALS
• USA PROPOSAL.
• ANDEAN PROPOSAL. TRIPS-DOHA
• 11 ROUNDS.
• ANDEAN SECOND PROPOSAL
• DATA PROTECTION
• TRANSPARENCY
• PATENT TERM RESTORATION
• Colombian IP Negotiator impasse
• Final political decision?

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IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES .
RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES
    COUNTRY COUNTRY ISSUE ISSUE IMPACT 1 IMPACT 2 REMARKS
AMIR ATTARAN AMIR ATTARAN AFRICA AFRICA PATENTS PATENTS NO   POVERTY
FEDESARROLLO FEDESARROLLO COLOMBIA COLOMBIA I.P. PRICES I.P. PRICES NO ENTRY DELAYS IMPORTANT IMPACT OF TRADE MARKS
APOYO CONSULTORES APOYO CONSULTORES PERU PERU FTA FTA CONSUMERS WELFARE 5 M.   ONLY ON DATA PROTECTION
            PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 1.3M   PRICE RISING 94-114
            NATIONAL INDUSTRY 2,3M    
PROSPECTIVE STUDIES                
  COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY ISSUE IMPACT 1 IMPACT 2 REMARKS
PAHO/IFARMA COLOMBIA COLOMBIA COLOMBIA COLOMBIA FTA DATA 300M 4 2010 AIDS DEATHS PROSPECTIVE MODEL
            USES 500M 14 2014 90/ 2005-4223/2020  
            PAT REST. 500M 14 2025 HOUSEHOLDS SPENT ST. 1 - 16  
            INN REST. 700M 12 2010 HOUSEHOLDS SPENT ST. 1 - 16  
              PPU 12  
INDECOPI INDECOPI INDECOPI PERU PERU FTA 1182M/YEAR   HOUSEHOLDS SPENT
INDECOPI INDECOPI INDECOPI PERU PERU FTA 472M DEFICIT 2005   KNOWLEDGE BALANCE
            602 M FTA 2015    
VALLADARES-MOH VALLADARES-MOH VALLADARES-MOH PERU PERU FTA PRICE RISING 55-100 TAX EXEMPTION COMPENSATION MEASURES
            TOTAL SPENT 300 M 1 M/YEAR  
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Fuente Ramirez M. et al. El gasto en salud de
los hogares Colombianos. Universidad del Rosario.
2002.
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Spent on medicines as a of income .
Households survey. Colombia 1997
Fuente Ramirez M. et al. El gasto en salud de
los hogares Colombianos. Universidad del Rosario.
2002.
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In developed countries the state pays, in
developing the individual!
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IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES . IMPACT OF TRIPS PLUS MEASURES .
RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES
    COUNTRY COUNTRY ISSUE ISSUE IMPACT 1 IMPACT 2 REMARKS
AMIR ATTARAN AMIR ATTARAN AFRICA AFRICA PATENTS PATENTS NO   POVERTY
FEDESARROLLO FEDESARROLLO COLOMBIA COLOMBIA I.P. PRICES I.P. PRICES NO ENTRY DELAYS IMPORTANT IMPACT OF TRADE MARKS
APOYO CONSULTORES APOYO CONSULTORES PERU PERU FTA FTA CONSUMERS WELFARE 5 M.   ONLY ON DATA PROTECTION
            PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 1.3M   PRICE RISING 94-114
            NATIONAL INDUSTRY 2,3M    
PROSPECTIVE STUDIES                
  COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY ISSUE IMPACT 1 IMPACT 2 REMARKS
PAHO/IFARMA COLOMBIA COLOMBIA COLOMBIA COLOMBIA FTA DATA 300M 4 2010 AIDS DEATHS PROSPECTIVE MODEL
            USES 500M 14 2014 90/ 2005-4223/2020  
            PAT REST. 500M 14 2025 HOUSEHOLDS SPENT ST. 1 - 16  
            INN REST. 700M 12 2010 HOUSEHOLDS SPENT ST. 1 - 16  
              PPU 12  
INDECOPI INDECOPI INDECOPI PERU PERU FTA 1182M/YEAR   HOUSEHOLDS SPENT
INDECOPI INDECOPI INDECOPI PERU PERU FTA 472M DEFICIT 2005   KNOWLEDGE BALANCE
            602 M FTA 2015    
VALLADARES-MOH VALLADARES-MOH VALLADARES-MOH PERU PERU FTA PRICE RISING 55-100 TAX EXEMPTION COMPENSATION MEASURES
            TOTAL SPENT 300 M 1 M/YEAR  
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IPRC

• The contemporary evidence suggests that, because
  developing countries are large net importers of
  technology from the developed world, the
  globalisation of IP protection will result in
  very substantial additional net transfers from
  developing to developed countries .
• www.iprcommission.org

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Hood Robin
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The stronger the intellectual property rights,
the better.

• Benefits of innovation ARV coverage
• Innovation orientation Neglected diseases
• Innovation or stagnation? FDA Report.
• Pharmaceutical industry Research or marketing?
• IP and development.
• Technology transfer and FDI

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IP and access to drugs capacity building project

• No trips Plus (FTAs.)
• National legislation on IP sensitive to public
  health. (Doha)
• Full implementation of flexibilities
• Full use of P 6 Resolution
• South South cooperation on generics
• New international IP RULES?

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Spent (US million) and people on ARV therapy.
Source MOH STD/HIV-AIDS National Program.
Brazil.
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3 imported (patented) ARVs mean 63 of total
budget. 2003
12 other ARVs 37
Spent
LPV.r EFZ NFV 63
LPV.r
NFV
EFZ
12 other ARVs
Source MOH STD/HIV-AIDS National Program.
Brazil.
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Average cost of ARV patient/year 1996 - 2003
1630
2003
MS/ 2003
Source MOH STD/HIV-AIDS National Program.
Brazil.