Unix/Linux

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Unix/Linux Windows Internetworking

• By
• Deanna La Fave
• Raymond Kwan
• Dennis J. Wong

CIS 454 Local Area Network Professor M. Ganesan
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Presentation Outline

• Ice Breaker
• Unix Overview
• Linuxs Strength
• Major Distributions of Linux
• Samba
• Practical Customization of Samba on a Linux
  Server
• Setting Up SWAT to Remotely Configure Samba on a
  Windows Client

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(No Transcript)
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Whats Behind The Movie Titanic?

• Computing Power!
• 350 SGI systems running IRIX6 (Already over
  budget!)
• 200 Alpha system, 105 Running RedHat Linux 4.1
  (Saved a lot!) 55 on NT 4 Reminding used
  Digital Unix 4.
• 5TB (About 5,000GB) Hard Disk Capacity
• 100Mbps Ethernet
• NFS Connects IRIX and Linux
• Samba Connects NT and Linux

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What Did Linux Contribute to the Movie Titanic?

• Simulation and Rendering Processing
• 3.5 times faster than SGI systems
• Running 24 hours a day, never stopped for 3
  months to finish the special effects in the film.
• Linuxs commercial potential catches attention!

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UNIX

• First developed in 1969 by Ken Thompson and
  Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs.
• 1977 SCO Unix
• 1983 Sun OS
• 1986 IBM AIX
• 1991 Linux

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Linux Overview

• A free Unix-type OS
• Created by Linus Torvalds at University of
  Helsiniki in Finland
• 1991 development began
• 1994 Linux Kernel 1.0 released
• 1999 Version 2.2 (current version)
• Currently estimated 12 million users.

Source http//counter.li.org/
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Linuxs Strengths

• Multi-platform
• Intel
• Sparc
• Alpha
• Mac/Power PC
• Multi-user
• Multi-tasking
• Built on Open Standards
• Reliable

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Linuxs Strengths (cont.)

• Lowers cost of both desktop and server compared
  to traditional Unix and Microsoft OS.
• Low resource requirements
• Intel 386 compatible or better
• 2MB Ram
• 10MB hard disk space
• No licensing headache
• Compare for yourself
• http//www.linuxrx.com/WS_Linux/OS_comparison.html
  

Source http//howto.tucows.com/LDP/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.
html
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Server Market Share
1998 1999
Linux 16 25
MS Windows NT 38 38
Novell NetWare 23 19
Unix (all versions) 19 15
Other 4 3
Source Morris, John. Linux at Large. PC
Magazine, April 2000 75.
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Distributions of Linux

• There are various distributors of Linux.
• A few major Distributors are
• Caldera Linux? www.calderasystems.com
• Corel Linux ? www.linux.corel.com
• Mandrake Linux? www.linux-mandrake.com
• RedHat Linux? www.redhat.com
• SuSE Linux ? www.suse.com
• TurboLinux ? www.turbolinux.com

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Caldera Linux

• Caldera OpenLinux is a multi-tasking, multi- user
  operating system that gives you the
• power and reliability of UNIX.
• OpenLinux is Caldera's "distribution"
• OpenLinux is ideal for small, medium, and large
  companies needs to optimize how much they want to
  spent on existing systems, hardware, training

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Corel Linux

• Good Features of Corel
• Easy installation of software
• Allows dual boot system
• Friendly drag and drop design
• Easily used to share Windows files

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Mandrake Linux

• An enhanced version of RedHat Linux
• It has a powerful Graphical Desktop
• Comes with Apache Web Server, Netscape
  Communicator, and various other software

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RedHat Linux

• Made for ease of use and installation.
• Configures TCP/IP for you.
• The new packaging system is made to allow
  upgrading to new Red Hat releases without
  reinstalling your system.
• No partitioning or backing up all your files
  needed for upgrading.

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SuSE Linux

• Made for users of all Levels, novice - expert
• Allows users to configure the system for fine
  tuning their system
• Supports the newest high end Graphic Card
• German version available

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TurboLinux

• Very popular in Asia
• Geared towards corporate needs as well as the
  home desktop.
• Available in English, Japanese, and Chinese
• Contains powerful desktop applications such as
  StarOffice and Netscape.

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• Created in 1991 by Andrew Tridgell of Australian
  National University by reverse engineering the
  SMB protocol.
• Is an open source software suite available for
  use to anyone under the GNU General Public
  License.
• Facilitates UNIX file system and printer sharing
  with Windows and LAN Manager clients

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• 1991-1992 Versions .5 and 1.0 are released.
• 1992 Dan Shearer contacts Tridgell about a Linux
  Port.
• 1993 NetBios for Unix is announced.
• 1994 smbserver 1.6 is released and soon renamed
  SAMBA.
• 1997 Samba for Windows NT domain started.
• 1999 Samba 2.0 is released.
• Tridgell finishes his Phd Thesis and gets a job
  with Linuxcare.

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• Samba enables interoperability between Linux/Unix
  and Windows.
• Samba runs on
• Linux
• Solaris
• IRIX
• The main o/s for Silicon Graphics workstations
  and servers. It incorporates Unix System V
  functionality.
• HPUX
• Almost all other versions of Unix
• Accessing files from Linux/Unix looks exactly
  like you are accessing an NT server.

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Samba and Windows

• Windows NT OS uses a layered architecture with
  partitioned user and kernel modes similar to
  those of UNIX.
• NETBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) is used by Samba
  to share UNIX resources with Windows clients
• SMB AND CIFS are NetBT based protocols. Samba is
  an implementation of CIFS version 1.0
• Windows 2000 uses Kerberos 5.0 for network
  authentication.

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• Who uses Samba?
• Cisco
• Bank of America
• Hewlett Packard
• Johnson and Johnson
• British Petroleum
• Solomon Smith Barney (Citibanks Investment
  Brokerage Division)

Source http//www.valinux.com/software/samba.html
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SMB PROTOCOL

• Created in 1987 as a joint venture between
  Microsoft and Intel
• Four types of operations
• 1) Session commands used to set up a virtual
  circuit and validate access.
• 2) File commands permits an application to
  operate on files.
• 3) Printer commands permits an application to
  spool jobs to remote printers.
• 4) Message commands provide a means for passing
  alert, control, and informational messages
  between the consumer and server applications

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CIFSCommon Internet File System

• In 1997 Microsoft submitted CIFS specification to
  IETF.
• Is an enhanced version of SMB protocol.
• Way to share resources between multiple operating
  system platforms across the Internet.

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Kerberos Ticket Exchange
Source Samba Unix NT Internetworking
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Presetting before Customization of Samba on a
Linux File Server

• Samba installed as one of the packages when
  installing Linux
• Setup network on Linux
• Setup a local printer for sharing
• Log into X Windows as root using KDE
  (Recommended)

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Practical Customization of Samba on a Linux File
Server

• Focus on modifying system file /etc/smb.conf
• Setup proper guest accounts on server
• Setup Windows clients (Win 95, Win98, Win NT,
  etc.)

Our configurations are base on Mandrake Linux
6.0. Configurations for other distributions may
vary.
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Modifying smb.conf

• Open system file /etc/smb.conf
• Add/change or uncomment the following on Global
  Settings
• workgroup my_workgroup_name
• guest account pcguest
• security user

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Modifying smb.conf (Cont.)

• Add or uncomment these items on Share
  Difinitions
• homes
• comment Home Directories
• browseable yes
• writable yes
• tmp
• comment Temporary file space
• path /tmp
• read only no
• public yes

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Reloading Samba

• Save changes to smb.conf
• No need to reboot the computer
• Reloading Samba using Unix command
• samba stop
• samba start

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Setting Up PC Clients on Linux Sever

• Open User Manager
• System ? User Manger (at KDE)
• Add PC User(s)
• Add names (first character must be upper case to
  make it work, Linux is case sensitive)
• Setup password
• Primary Group Guest
• Add New User(s) to Guest Group
• Open Guest Group Properties
• Add new user(s) to the guest group
• Save All Changes

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Accessing Linux File Server from a PC Client

• Login on a PC Client using a guest ID and
  password preset at Linux server
• Open Network Neighborhood
• The Linux server should show up as it were in a
  NT network
• Shared Resources Shown
• Printer(s)
• Public folder tmp
• Private folders homes client-name

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Setting Up SWAT at Linux File Server

• SWAT Samba Web Administration Tool
• Open /etc/inetd.conf
• Add or uncomment this line
• Swat stream tcp nowait.400
  root /usr/local/samba/sbin/swat swat

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Configure Samba Using SWAT at a PC Client

• Logon to a PC Client
• Open a web browser
• Enter URL http//localhost901 (replace
  localhost with actual host name)
• Login as root on the popup Window
• Make any changes or check status of Samba using
  SWATs graphical interface

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Resouces

• Derosest, James W. Samba - Unix NT
  Internetworking. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.
• Carter, Gernald Sharpe, Richard. Teach
  Yourself Samba in 24 Hours. Sams, 1999.
• Hertel, Christopher and Leighton, Luke. The
  Story of Samba Linux's Stealth Weapon.
  lthttp//www.linux-mag.com/1999-09/samba_01.htmlgt
• http//www.linux.org/
• http//www.samba.org
• http//linuxtoday.com/
• http//www.andover.net/
• http//www.linux-2000.org
• http//www.nwc.com/1104/1104f3.html
• http//faq.oreillynet.com/linux/FAQ_7_40.shtm
• http//www.linux.org/info/advocacy.html
• http//www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Haven/6087/
  
• ttp//www.linuxlinks.com/local/why.shtml

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The End

• Thank You for Your Time!