Environmental Protection

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection

• Unit 8

Environmental Protection
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Passage 1
Countries in Tug-of-War over Arctic Resources
Language Features
Background Information

Warming-up Questions
Organization Analysis
Detailed Reading
Post-Reading
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Language Features
????????
?????,????????????????????????????????,???
???,?????,??????????????????????,?????????????
????say?????,???????????????????,?????????????????

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
?????,??????????????????,???According to
????,???????????????????????,??????????
?? according to ? say ??,??????,??
He added that he was pleased with the
result. ????,????????? They warned that the
storm was coming. ????????????? The report
disclosed that he had been in prison for a
year. ????????????
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
??,?? sb. is quoted as saying , go
? describe as????,?? He is quoted as
having said that there will be an election this
autumn. ?????????????????? They described his
attempts to handle the issue as positive.
??????????????
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Background Information
Arctic Resources and Environmental Protection
??????????????????????????????????900?????
???????1,670??????????????????????????????20?30
????????????????9??,????????????????????????,???
????????????????????????
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
????????????????????????????????,?????????
?????????????????,????????????,???????????????????
????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
???????
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Natural Recourses and Environmental Protection in
the Arctic There are eight blanks in the
following passage. Choose the best one to
complete it.
The Arctic includes 1) ______ A. sizable
B. numerical natural resources (oil, gas,
minerals, forestif the subarctic is includedand
fish) 2) _______ A. in which B. to
which modern technology and the economic opening
up of Russia have given significant new
opportunities. Its estimated that there are 90
billion barrels of recoverable oil, enough to
meet current world demand for almost three years.
The interest of the tourism industry is also on
the increase.
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
The Arctic is one of the last and most 3)
_______ A. intensive B. extensive
continuous wilderness areas in the world, and its
significance 4) ________ A. in preserving
B. by preserving biodiversity and genotypes is
considerable. The increasing presence of humans
5) _______ A. fragments B. fragrances
vital habitats. The Arctic is particularly 6)
_______ A. susceptible B. suspicious to
the abrasion (??) of groundcover and to the
disturbance of the rare reproduction places of
the animals that are 7) _______ A. typical
B. characteristic to the region. The Arctic
also 8) ________ A. holds B. seizes 1/5
of the Earth's water supply.
Key A B B A, A A B A
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What environmental problems are we faced with?
????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Warming-up Question 1

• pollution, acid rain, global warming, the
  destruction of forests and other wild habitats,
  the decline and extinction of thousands of
  species of animals and plants...

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Question2 As students, what can we do to
protect the environment?
????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Every one of us can do something to help slow
down and reverse some of the damage. We must
learn to live in a sustainable way.

• ---Sort out our rubbish.
• ---Use recycled paper to help save trees.
• ---Try to avoid buying plastic.
• ---Don't buy over-packed goods.
• ---Use less energy by switching off lights when
  rooms are not in use.
• ---Use a bicycle or walk instead of taking a bus
  or a taxi for short trips.

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Organization Analysis
Para.1-2 Introduction ??
Countries in Tug-of-War over Arctic Resources
Para.3-26 Body ????
Para.27 Conclusion ??
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Organization Analysis

• Part I (Para.1-2) Introduction
• Main idea Rich resources found in Arctic Circle
• Para.1 introduces untapped fossil fuels in Arctic
  Circle that has fragile and pristine
  ecosystems.
• Para.2 tells about the considerable amounts of
  recoverable oil, natural gas liquids and natural
  gas there.

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Organization Analysis

• Part II (Para.3-26) Body
• Main idea the possible outcomes of the fight
  over the Arctic resources
• Para.3 The fight may turn out to be territorial
  dispute.
• Para.4-11 Global warming, the stress and
  possible pollution are damaging the ecosystems
  there.

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Organization Analysis

• Para.12-18 Countries with a stake in the
  Arctics riches are looking for evidence for
  their territorial claims.
• Para.19-22 Some territorial questions are not
  in dispute.
• Para.23-26 The power may lie with the countries
  that have the best physical access to this
  region.

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Organization Analysis

• Part III (Para. 27) Conclusion
• Main idea Questions unsettled
• Para.27 Some unsettled questions will depend on
  global economy.

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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Detailed Reading
Passage Reading
Understanding Sentences
Word Study
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences

1. And the fight over who owns those resources may
   turn out to be the most important territorial
   dispute of this century. (Para. 3)

????????????????????????????????
Translation
Comments
Who-clause is a noun clause introduced by who
as a prepositional object. Subordinate
conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns and
conjunctive adverbs can also introduce a noun
clause.
Examples
1.Everything depends on whether they are loyal to
the ideal. 2.The question about where we shall do
the test is uncertain.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
2. But both the explorations, and the likely
drilling at the top of the Earth, have scientists
deeply concerned. (Pare 4)
???????,??????????????????,???????????
Translation
have means cause, make. concerned is past
participle used as the object complement.?????????
??make, get, help, order, see, hear, watch, feel,
wish??
Comments
1. They see the mountains covered with snow.
2. He managed to get his room thoroughly cleaned.
Examples
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
3. Although environmentalists are concerned by
this melting trend, shipping and energy
companies are salivating at the prospect of
smaller ice caps, which makes Arctic drilling and
commerce easier. (Para. 10)
Comments
Which introduces a non-restrictive attributive
clause, adding more information to the principal
clause.
Examples
1. They soon repaired the car, which had not
been badly damaged. 2. I lent you five books,
three of which were very good.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
salivate at long for ??,??
Examples
Hes been salivating at the position in the Civil
Service.
?????????????????????
saliva n. ?? salivate v. (???)??????
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
4. Russian scientists are keen on proving that
the seabed below the North Pole is part of the
Eurasian continental shelf, an area called the
Lomonosov Ridge. (Para. 15)
???????????????????????????????,??????????????? ?
Translation
that-clause is an object clause introduced by
that as the object of the verb proving, which
is gerund as prepositional object. In this
sentence, pay attention to the use of an area .
Comments
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
Comments
1)???????? Russian scientists are keen on
proving that????proving ???on???,?proving????that
??????? ?
Examples

1. They decided on sharing the profits equally.
2. They decided on sharing what they have got
   equally.

To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
??????????????????? 2) an
area????????? ??an area????????,?????????
?????????????,?????????
Comments
1. Your friend George Smith has just telephoned.
(George Smith ?Your friend???????) 2. George
Smith, your old school friend, has just
telephoned. (your old school friend?George
Smith????????)
Examples
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
5. But the Bush administrations sale of oil
drilling rights in prime polar bear habitat has
upset environmentalists, who fear drillings
impact on the threatened species. (Para. 20)
??????????????????????????????????,???????????????
?????????????
Translation
In this sentence, who introduces a
non-restrictive attributive clause, modifying
environmentalists. Pay attention to the use of
threatened.
Comments
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
???????????? who ?????????????????????????who
??,?????which ?? 1) The driver, who is very
young, has just got his license. 2) The workers,
who(m) I have never seen before, insist that they
know me. 3) The garage, which the car has been
taken to, is not far away.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Understanding Sentences
??????????threatened???????????(the past
participle)??????????? ?????????????????
1. ???????????????? a murdered film star, a
broken window
2. ???well, badly, half??????????? a
half-finished job, a well-built house
3. ??????????,??????,??escaped, faded, fallen,
grown???? fallen leaves (leaves that have
fallen) an escaped prisoner (a prisoner who has
escaped)
Back to the Text
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Word Study
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
1. estimate v. (Para. 2)
1) to calculate (something that can be
measured)?? It is roughly estimated that the
work can be finished in two weeks.
2) to calculate the cost of doing a job ??
We asked them to estimate for the repair of the
roof.
??
estimate ?evaluate estimate?????????????
? evaluate?????????,?????????? Small numbers
of ants can be counted precisely huge numbers
can only be estimated. A students work is
evaluated by marks.
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
estimate n.
1) calculation (of something that can be
measured)?? My estimate of his character
was wrong. At a rough estimate, we must
have walked two miles.
2) an offer to do a job for a certain price ??
We got 2 estimates before having the roof
repaired.
estimation n. ?????? We hold the doctor in
high estimation. According to the estimation
of the critics this is the best novel of the year.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
2. recoverable adj. (Para. 2 )
1) able to tap, worthy of tapping ????,?????
There are 10 billion barrels of recoverable oil
in this area.
2) able to get back (sth. lost) ???? The police
believe that the stolen jewellery is
recoverable. His debt is recoverable.
3) able to return to the usual state of health
???? The patient is now believed to be
recoverable.
???
cover recover uncover discover recoverable
recoverability
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
3. dispute n. (Para. 5)
an argument or quarrel ??,??,?? The boys
dispute ended in a fight.
Expressions
beyond (past, without, out of) dispute ?????,??
This is, beyond dispute, the best cell phone.
in / under dispute ???,???? The matter in dispute
is the ownership of a house.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
dispute v.
1) to argue about sth. angrily ??,??,??,??
They disputed for the prize. We dispute with
them on / over / about the subject.
2) to disagree about ????? They disputed his
right to vote.
3) to struggle against ??,?? They succeeded in
disputing the enemys advance.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
dispute, debate, argue
??
dispute???????????,????. They are disputing
about the rights and wrongs of the case.
debate???????????,??????,???????????. They are
debating whether to increase the price of tickets.
argue????,????. The children are arguing over
which program they should watch.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
4. shrink v. (shrank shrunk, shrunken) (Para.7)
1) to become smaller??,??,?? The shirts
shrank when washed. The population of this
village has shrunk in recent years.
2) to move back and away??,?? He shrank at the
thought of the hard work. The small children
shrink from making new friends. We shall
never shrink back before difficulties.
shrunk, shrunken shrunken
????????? shrunken socks ?????? The
material was shrunk before it was made into
clothes.??????????? shrinkage n.
??
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
5. monitor v. (Para. 7)
1) to listen to (a radio broadcast) and take
careful note ??(???) They are monitoring
the radio broadcast from that country. 2) to
check or control ??,??,??
to monitor the engine
?????
to monitor the examination
??
to monitor his illness
??????
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
monitor n. ??,???,???,???,???

?????
water monitor
an air monitor
????????
????
a monitor to Class A
pilot monitor
???????
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
6. retreat n. (Para. 9)
1) (esp. of the army) moving back ?? to
beat a retreat ???? to make
a retreat ?? to sound a
retreat ???? to cut off their
retreat ????? 2) a place one can go for
peace and safety ?????,??? a quiet country
retreat ????? a summer retreat
???
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
retreat v.
1) (esp. of the army) to move back ?? The
defeated army had to retreat hastily. 2) to go
away escape (from something unpleasant) (??)??
You cannot retreat from your responsibility in
this issue.
??
retreat, withdraw
?????????????????withdraw???????? The enemy
retreated under heavy attack. They withdrew
from the meeting.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
7. feud v. to quarrel (for a long time) (Para 11)
to feud with sb. over sth. ????????????????????
The Congress often feuds with the President over
budget matters.
The two countries have long feuded over that
island.
feud n. ????????
They were always at feud with each other.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
8. prohibit v. (Para. 12)
1) to forbid by law or rule (?????)?? They
were prohibited from going abroad. Students
are prohibited from smoking inside school. 2) to
prevent ??,??,???? His small size prohibits
his becoming a policeman.
prohibition n. They lay prohibition on the
import of meat. The prohibition against
smoking here is sensible.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
prohibit, forbid
??

• ???????
• prohibit ???? prohibit sb.s doing sth.
  ??prohibit sb. from doing sth.
• ?forbid????forbid sb. sth.,forbid doing
  sth., forbid to do sth.,forbid sb. to do sth.
• 2) ??????
• prohibit?????,???????????????
  forbid?????,???????????????

To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
??prohibit, forbid???????
Exercise
prohibiting
The country has a law ___________ employees from
striking.
forbids
He _________ his children tobacco.
prohibition
They voted in favor of the ___________ against
fishing in the river.
forbid
Their parents __________ them to go camping.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
9. entitle v. (Para. 13)
1) to give (a book, a play, etc.) a title
???,??? His new novel is entitled
Beautiful Life.
2) to give (sb.) the right (to do sth.)
????(???) The ticket entitles you
to a free lunch. You are entitled to use the
lab.
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
10. exception n. (Para. 19)
1) (the case of) leaving out or being left out
?? Every rule has its exceptions. An
exception was made in favor of the old man.
Expressions
without exception ????,?? All men between 18 and
35 must serve in the army without
exception. with the exception of ??? They all
passed the exam with the exception of Tom.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
exception n.
2) disagreement with something happening in a
court of law (??)??,?? They took
exception of / against / at what he said.
Exception! shouted the lawyer.
??
exceptional, exceptive exceptional
???????,????,?? an exceptional scientist
?????????? exceptive ??????,?? an exceptive
clause ????
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
11. access n. (Para. 20)
1) means of entering, way in ??,?? to get
/gain / obtain access to a building ??????? 2)
right of using or entering (???????????)??,??,??
All students have free access to this
library. He is easy (difficult) of access.
????(??)???? His place is within easy access
to the downtown. ???????????
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
12. icebreaker n. (Para. 22)
ice-break
to break ice
???
????????break ????ice??,????? ice-break
icebreaker icebreaking
??????????,?????????
sleepwalk sleepwalker
sleepwalking peace-keep peacekeeper
peace-keeping peace-make peacemaker
peacemaking painkiller painkilling painsta
ker painstaking
Back to the Text
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
13. sense n. (Para. 25)
1) the intended meaning ??,?? They didnt
fully grasp the sense of his words. No matter
how you read it, it doesnt make any sense.
in a broad / large sense in a narrow / limited
sense in a certain sense in a strict sense in a
favorable sense in an unfavorable sense in a
sense in no sense
????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
sense n.
2) power to understand and make
judgments??,??,??,?? He lacks a sense of
responsibility. He shows a good sense of
humor. They dont have the sense of
justice. 3) any of the five senses ??,?? Dogs
have a remarkable sense of smell. He recovered
/ came to his sense after a blood transfusion.
To be continued
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????????_Unit 8 Environmental Protection
Word Study
sense v.
to have a feeling to discover ???? She
sensed what her husband was thinking. The
horse sensed danger and stopped.
sensitive???,?????,???? sensitive ear ????? a
sensitive actor ??????? sensitive to
criticism ??????? sensitivity ???,???
sensible?????,??? a sensible mother ??????? a
sensible plan ????? a sensible change in his
attitude ???????? sensibility???,??,??
Back to the Text
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Post-Reading
1. Comprehension

2. Translation
3. Question on the Article
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????????_Unit 9 Environmental Protection
1. Comprehension
1) What is NOT one of the reasons why the Arctic
plants and animals are endangered?
_______ A. Global warming.
B. The stresses caused by
drilling. C. Possible pollution caused by
drilling. D. Icy weather. 2) The
International Polar Year is ______________ from
2007 to 2009. A. a scientific study mainly
focused on the Arctic B. a global study
primarily focused on the Antarctic C. a
scientific study on the Arctic and Antarctic on
an international basis D. a scientific study on
the Arctic and Antarctic on a nation-wide basis
D
C
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????????_Unit 9 Environmental Protection
B
3) Which of the following statements is NOT true
about the Arctic ice? _____ A. The sea ice
loss has been observed. B. Its observed that
the sea ice is increasing. C. Its found that
the sea ice is retreating. D. Its observed
that the sea ice is disappearing.
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????????_Unit 9 Environmental Protection

• 4) Why do the shipping and energy companies hope
  that the Arctic ice caps will turn smaller?
  _______
• A. Because the smaller ice caps will make the
  Arctic drilling easier.
• B. Because the smaller ice caps will make the
  Arctic commerce easier.
• C. Because the prospect will make it cheaper to
  travel from Asia to North America.
• D. All of the above.
• 5) Who can in fact determine who owns what under
  the Arctic ice according to the passage?
  ________
• A. Geologists.
  B. Diplomats.
• C. Politicians.
  D. Oil company executives.

D
A
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2. Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.

• 1)  ??????????????????
• 2) ???????????????????
• 3)  ????????????????????

He is keen on collecting whatever he can find in
the newspaper about him.

All the figures are to be checked by specialists
without exception.
I can assure you that we will not shrink from any
difficulty.
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• 4)  ??????????????
• 5)  ??????????????

In no sense will he sacrifice his personal
interest to it.
 
The matter in dispute is where to build the
school.
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3. Questions on the Article

• 1)  Why may the geologists who evaluate Arctic
  undersea formations be the real power players?
• 2) Why have the environmentalists been upset with
  the Bush administrations sale of oil drilling
  rights in the Arctic area?

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Thanks You!