Title: Version Bror 11 System for transportation of goods realistically will diminish car traffic with calculated one third to one fourth and climate gases with 20 to 25 percent without any sacrifices at all from side of the public
1 Version Bror 11 System for
transportation of goods realistically will
diminish car traffic with calculated one third to
one fourth and climate gases with 20 to 25
percent without any sacrifices at all from side
of the public
- Short description of the system
- with effects
- This presentation is intended for using also at
self studies
2Section A
- Short description of the system
3A 1. Light transportation of goods by car on duty
has close to astronomical extent and comprise
small loadings 1 of 4
- In county of Stockholm with 2 million people and
an area of 6 000 km2 more than 100 000 cars
driven of about 60 000 chauffeurs counted in full
time in our calculations are engaged in light
transportation of goods on duty. - Last sum we partly base on the circumstance that
202 000 light lorries owned by juridical persons
in Sweden 1999/2000 was driven 3 188 million km
(newer data arent available, probably distance
is longer today). The distance in county of
Stockholm was 660 million km. At a calculated
average speed of 16 km per hour (10 miles per
hour) including time for loading and unloading
the distance in county of Stockholm corresponds
to 41 million hours for drivers (660 000 000/16)
corresponding to 25 800 wholly occupied persons. - Median weight at transportation of goods in light
lorry on duty according to study in Gothenburg is
as low as about 85 kg.
4A 1. Light transportation of goods by car on duty
has close to astronomical extent and comprise
small loadings 2 of 4
- Partly we base this on the comparably unknown
circumstance due to investigation in Stockholm
that 29 percent of driving by personnel cars on
duty are pure goods transportation, 21 percent
combined personnel and goods transportation and
10 percent others, probably sometimes the car
itself at transportation till and from service.
Statistics here is insufficient as no actor in
logistics area will inquire systematically data
in this area. The number of personnel cars being
owned by juridical persons in 2007 numbered 881
000 units in Sweden or 21 percent of all
personnel cars. - The extent goods transportation on duty in
personnel cars therefore probably is larger than
in light lorries also if this judgement rests on
a comparably uncertain foundation. - Median weight of loaded goods reasonably is lower
at transportation in personnel cars than in light
lorries and perhaps will be possible to count in
one digit number of kilos. As transportation in
personnel cars ought to dominate median weight in
summed light transportation by car on duty may be
found in the interval 10 to 20 kilos.
5A 1. Light transportation of goods by car on duty
has close to astronomical extent and comprise
small loadings 3 of 4
- About 80 percent of costs for goods
transportation on duty is valid for the driver.
Costs for light transportation on duty as result
probably will be about three times higher than
for heavy transportation by lorry (on the other
hand the number of tonkm is much lower). - At a calculated cost of 500 000 SEK1 per driver
with car and year, total cost for light
transportation in county of Stockholm will attain
30 billion SEK per year. - The transports are short and at dominating part
rolls between working places. - 1 1 dollar is about 7.25 SEK
6A 1. Light transportation of goods by car on duty
has close to astronomical extent and comprise
small loadings 4 of 4
- These car transportation very easily ought to
have possibility paying for own winding up with
gigantic environmental advantages as a result,
however choice of the right new transportation
system.
7A 2. Chosen goods transportation system is
tailored for executing light transportation today
done by car 1 of 4
- At this background we sketched out a system for
transportation of goods suited after real loading
on light lorry. It then also can execute goods
transportation done in personnel car. The system
consists of wagons with a loading capacity about
the same as boot in a personnel car, preliminary
250 litres (500 x 500 x 1 200 mm) that is about 9
cubic feet (18 x 18 x 4) or 300 kg (660
pounds). - When loading will permit and for certain
customers capacity will be preliminary 70 litres
or 100 kg. - The wagon rolls wholly automatic, follows bands
on rubber wheels at a speed of 30 to 40 km an
hour. Own weight is calculated to 50 respectively
20 kg. The wagon is driven with directly working
electricity as a tram. - Preliminary the wagon consists of a driving unit
with motor and a loading box. The driving unit
docks with bayonet to the loading box and fixes
it in a tight grip.
8A 2. Chosen goods transportation system is
tailored for executing light transportation today
done by car 2 of 4
- One single wagon with this loading capacity due
to investigation in Gothenburg according weight
will have possibility executing about 85 percent
of transportation in light lorry on duty of
today. It reasonably also can execute close to
100 percent of goods transportation in personnel
cars. - Customers will have strong economical reasons
adapt and substitute commodities in such a way
that they will have room in the wagon.
9A 2. Chosen goods transportation system is
tailored for executing light transportation today
done by car 3 of 4
- The wagon rolls in a certain culvert system dug
down just beneath among others streets and
pavements, protected from wind and weather and
from unauthorized. Inspection lids to the culvert
from street are placed probably at a distance in
between of preliminary 5 to 10 meters. - Standard culvert has an inner dimension for two
meeting lanes of 1 200 x 600 mm. The smaller
wagon can roll also in one directed one lane
culverts of 400 x 400 mm mainly in small house
areas. As well see below also households on own
economical merits will be possible connecting to
the culvert.
10Goods transportation system in simple sketch
Outer dimension of the wagon Standard wagon 500 x
500 x 1 200 mm Loading capacity 250 litres or 300
kg Wagon in small house areas 300 x 300 x 1 000
mm Loading capacity 65 l or 100 kg
Armed concrete
Street (roof of the culvert)
Width and height of the culvert (prel. inner
dimensions) Standard culvert 1 200 x 600 mm One
lane culvert in small house areas 400 x 400 mm
Kulvertgolv
Wagon
Street or pavement
Wagon
Wagon
Wagon
Armed concrete
Gravel
11A 2. Chosen goods transportation system is
tailored for executing light transportation today
done by car 4 of 4
- Houses are connected to culvert in cellars to
which the wagon can roll by own engine. No
elevators are needed. - Small dimensions and digging down in the street
(no bursting of deeply placed tunnels) ought to
mean low costs for the culvert per length unit.
Construction works in much resembles construction
of way drum. - The wagon can roll indoors by automatically
docking to a battery furnished aggregate. Indoors
it follows bands cheaply taped on the floors. - In each crossing between culverts a computer is
placed that partly will chose way for the wagons
based on lists on different destinations, partly
will give priority to wagons passing the
crossing. - Safe distance ought to be possible choosing
shorter here for goods transportation than what
is possible for personnel transportation.
12A 3. Extremely low variable transportation costs
for the goods transportation system 1 of 2
-
- Variable transportation costs (added costs for a
transport) according to ground course in business
economics totally are decisive for competitive
strength between different transportation kinds.
The transportation kind having the lowest
variable costs will execute a transport. The
wagon is supposed to roll 100 000 km per year
during writing off time of 5 years. Variable
transportation costs will be extremely low for
the small wagon. -
- Rörliga transportkostnader för systemvagnen
(standardvagnen) tillverkad i mycket lång serie
och efter ett antal års förfining av såväl vagn
som tillverkningsteknik under den beräknade
femåriga avskrivningstiden med en tillryggalagd
körsträcka om ca 500 000 km
Life time costs SEK
Writing off of the wagon (Buying cost for the wagon) Reparation and maintenance Electrical energy 0.01 kWh per km, 500 000 km, 1 SEK per kWh Others 10 000 8 000 5 000 500
Sum 23 500
Variable transportation cost, SEK per km (23 500/500 000) 0.047
13A 3. Extremely low variable transportation costs
for the goods transportation system 2 of 2
- Variable transportation costs for the system,
0.05 SEK per km, only will be about one four
hundredth of the cars on duty (including
drivers time for among others loading and
unloading) of about 20 SEK per km (0.04/20).
Turned around this means that 400 wagons can
transport goods at the same variable costs as for
a car on duty. - A transport of 10 km by car bringing a variable
transportation cost including drivers time for
loading and unloading (only personnel costs) of
200 SEK thus via the system will bring a total
variable transportation cost of calculated only
0.50 SEK. - The totally dominating transportation of goods by
car in number counted contains so small goods
quantities that only one wagon will be able
replacing the car.
14A 4. Costs will be low for a culvert system
linking together almost all users of
transportation 1 of 5
- Infrastructure investments in a culvert net
reasonably will dominate costs for the goods
transportation system. The culvert however ought
to be comparably cheap partly by small dimensions
that also will make possible cheap digging down
of the culvert in streets instead of busted
deeply placed and as result expensive tunnel. - We assume that head culvert will follow all state
and county roads and all streets in Stockholm
county and added to that connections into almost
all houses. - Stately owned roads in Stockholm county with a
population of 2 019 000 persons has a total
length of 405 km and county roads 2 334 km which
the culverts in first will follow. The length
corresponds to a net of squares placed over the
county with side of every square 4.6 km. - In second street length in Stockholm county is
assumed to be proportional to population in
Sweden. By 21 percent of population in Sweden and
a total length of 40 000 km in the country,
length of the roads and streets that the culvert
will follow will be 8 400 km. Of that we assume
that about half is large and half small culvert
dimension.
15A 4. Costs will be low for a culvert system
linking together almost all users of
transportation 2 of 5
- The number of small houses in county of Stockholm
31/12 2006 was 244 318 and the number of
dwellings in block of flats 668 904. Connections
to small houses we assume are of mentioned
smaller dimension. At a length per connection of
15 meters total length of culverts connecting all
small houses in third will be 3 660 km (0.015 x
244 318). - If every block of flat in average will include 12
dwellings (low counted) number of connections for
them will be 55 800. Many working places in inner
cities in Sweden are placed in these houses where
one or many floors often are used for working
places. We furthermore assume that additional 10
000 houses with working places exist in the
county that dont include dwellings. - At a length per connection of 15 meters for 65
800 block of flats and working places total
length for connections of them in fourth will be
987 km (0.015 x 65 800).
16A 4. Costs will be low for a culvert system
linking together almost all users of
transportation 3 of 5
- As result total length of culverts of the large
standard dimension in this rough calculation will
be 7 926 km (2 739 4 200 987) and
of the smaller dimension 7 860 km (4 200 3
660). - A culvert net following all state and county
roads and streets in county of Stockholm
including connections to all houses of 15 meters
as result will have a calculated length of
totally 15 786 km. - Of the length calculated about 7 000 km will be
related to culvert net between working places,
while rest of the net, scantily 8 800 km, will be
valid for the complementing part connecting
dwellings.
17A 4. Costs will be low for a culvert system
linking together almost all users of
transportation 4 of 5
- Based on material from a large construction
company in our judgement culvert of the large
dimension will be possible to construct at a cost
of 7.2 and of the small dimension of 4.6 million
SEK per km. As comparison costs for a 13 meter
broad road a couple of years ago was 15 million
SEK per km. - As result investment costs for culvert of the
large dimension will sum up to 57.1 billion SEK
(7.2 x 7 926) and of the small dimension 36.2
billion SEK (4.6 x 7 860). Total investment cost
for these culverts will be 93.3 billion SEK (57.1
36.2). - At 310 100 connections (55 800 10 000 244
318) and a cost per connection (among others
making holes in outer cellar walls) of 30 000
SEK, total costs for connections will be 9.3
billion SEK. - Total investment costs for culvert and
connections as result will sum up to 102.6
billion SEK (93.3 9.3). At 5 percent interest
and 30 years annuity, total capital costs for
culvert net and connections will be 6.7 billion
SEK per year (0.06505 x 102.6).
18A 4. Costs will be low for a culvert system
linking together almost all users of
transportation 5 of 5
- About half of total costs, or 3.3 billion SEK per
year, are assumed to be valid for the culvert net
between working places and rest of the sum to the
complementary net between dwellings. - The sum 3.3 billion SEK per year for the culvert
net between working places ought to be possible
to compare to costs for light goods
transportation on duty as to above of 30 billion
SEK per year. - Its true that all these transportation arent
saved, but this falling off ought to be
compensated as costs knotted to the transports
for among others other personnel than drivers are
engaged in the transportation and often will be
superfluous or needs of which sharply will
diminish. So ought to be the case among others
for personnel for packing, loading, unloading,
reloading, sorting, receipts, registration,
controls, payments and others. Also costs for
among others cars, not included above, will
disappear. To end with also heavy lorry
transportation will be replaced with, due to
below, comprehensive savings as result.
19A 5. Savings in transportation very easily ought
to motivate a culvert net connecting almost all
working places in county of Stockholm to each
others
- In our judgement savings in transportation at
this background very easily ought to finance the
culvert net connecting almost all working places
in county of Stockholm to each others. According
to this calculation it will finance costs about
nine times over (30/3.3 9.0) - The sum 30 billion SEK per year in fact, if
desirably, would cover total costs for building
of motor way all length of the culvert system
between almost all working places of above
mentioned 7 000 km in county of Stockholm.
Savings of 30 billion SEK per year at 5 percent
interest and 30 years annuity thus will finance
461 billion SEK, corresponding to 66 million SEK
per km (461 000/7 000). A motor way now being
built in Sweden from Enköping in the direction of
Västerås thus will cost 48 million SEK per km.
Its hardly reasonable to believe that the small
culvert would cost as much as a motor way.
20A 6. Heavy transportation in lorries at high
degree will be transferred to railway and ships
in the form of combination transports 1 of 3
- Long heavy transportation in lorries at high
degree will be transferred to railway and ships
as the wagon automatically by own engine will
roll up on these vehicles in the form of
combination transports. - Competitive strength for railway and ships
dramatically will increase when connecting
transports, an Achilles heel not least for
railways competitive strength against car, by
the wagon will be much cheaper than if these
connecting transports are executed by car. - Furthermore the wagon on a railway station by own
engine will be able to change railway carriage on
the same train, change to a train in another
direction and also change railway station to a
train there. Thus for example it will be possible
rolling between so called sack stations. Sack
stations often ends at suburbs in among others
large cities. - Reloading today is more complicated for railway
than for the car that easier will park next to
places for origin and destination for goods. - The second important Achilles heel, for railways
competitive strength against railway, shunting,
as result also often will be possible to avoid.
21A 6. Heavy transportation in lorries at high
degree will be transferred to railway and ships
in the form of combination transports 2 of 3
- Investments in new terminals for railway and
ships that these possibilities will open up for,
will be less capital demanding than today as the
wagon will be able of rolling up on and off from
them on simple ramps dimensioned only for low
loadings. - Needs of especial stockings in these terminals
for wagons furthermore ought to be considerably
lower than needs today in the form of among
others storehouses on railway stations and
harbours as what we name common waiting stores,
stockings of wagons and loading boxes accessible
for all customers, ought to be possible to use
for storing in these cases also if they are
placed on a little distance from the railway
station or harbour in question. From the waiting
stores the wagons at own engines easily will roll
many kilometres in minutes directly up on the
railway carriages or the ships.
22A 6. Heavy transportation in lorries at high
degree will be transferred to railway and ships
in the form of combination transports 3 of 3
- As we see it combination transports between the
system and ships are much more efficient and
cheaper than container transports with ships. - Thus it ought to be possible faster and cheaper
than at container transport loading and unloading
a ship. Its most just a question of how many
ramps that are placed from quay to the ship. - The really important factor for higher efficiency
for the system however is that at container
transports there are no savings in handling
inside companies, no simpler packing and no
savings in stockings and locals of kind in
gigantic scale emerging at transportation with
the system according to below. - Powerful building out of railway, coast- and
canal shipping ought to be the result at the same
time as heavy lorry traffic will diminish.
23A 7. Low variable transportation costs by the
system will make possible a variable fee for the
transports that easily ought to finance all costs
for the system 1 of 2
- The exploiter during an introductory period will
be able taking out a high variable fee per
transport of say 30 SEK in driving up fee and 5
SEK per km and no other fee at all. For a
transport of 10 km the cost will be 80 SEK (30
5 x 10). By car the transport as mentioned will
cost 200 SEK. Instead of buying the transport
from car with a driver the employer will chose to
buy it at comprehensive environmental advantages
from the system and as result will get a profit
of 120 SEK. The exploiter, with a variable cost
of only 0.50 SEK, then will be able using 79.50
SEK for financing of culvert, which easily ought
to be enough for financing a comprehensive
culvert net. - The crucial point is if the customer will chose
this much cheaper and environmentally better
alternative, which we consider being a matter of
course. Then money already are disposable making
possible financing of the system.
24A 7. Low variable transportation costs by the
system will make possible a variable fee for the
transports that easily ought to finance all costs
for the system 2 of 2
- In the long run our judgement is that the
exploiter will chose a construction of fees with
extremely low variable fees however covering
variable transportation costs. A thinkable fee
for a transport is 2 SEK in driving up fee plus
0.06 SEK per km. - Head part of the costs then is taken out in the
form of fixed for example yearly fees. - Value of the system powerfully will increase at
this combination tax as more transportation will
be profitable for customers transferring to the
system. At the same time environmental advantages
further will increase.
25A 8. Savings in other than transportation is much
larger than in transportation
- Gross savings in transportation is many times
higher for the goods transportation system than
for which ever other system for transportation of
goods and/or persons (inside the limitation
described in point A 24 below). - Furthermore, and probably surprising for the
uninitiated, savings in other than transportation
in our calculation stand for about four fifth of
all economical advantages by the system. They
thus totally dominate and dramatically will
enhance value of the system and value of
connecting. - These gigantic savings in other than
transportation is unique for the system, that is,
they wont appear for other systems for
transportation of goods and/or persons (outside
mentioned limitation) and depends firstly on
largeness of the wagon that partly will permit
transportation of almost all goods people will
fence themselves with and in reality being object
for light transportation of today and partly will
permit direct connection to culvert of almost all
users of transportation. - These savings in other than transportation are
especially important in commerce and industry.
26A 9. Commerce will be rationalized in ground 1 of
4
- Commerce will be rationalized in ground.
- - Shops will be unnecessary when goods can be
sent directly from wholesalers to households.
Probably this will be norm in daily goods. - - Remaining shops will get most commodities
delivered directly from producers, among others
industrial companies. Commodities as result
neednt pass wholesalers. These shops furthermore
will be rationalized when the wagon will roll
next to the shelf for exposing. From there the
goods can be lifted over to the shelf.
Alternatively the wagon or its loading box in
itself can constitute exhibition case. - - Industry will be able sending commodities
directly to households, by which both wholesale
and retail sale links will be superfluous with
yet larger savings as result.
27A 9. Commerce will be rationalized in ground 2 of
4
- Lower prices on commodities among others by
falling off needs of commercial links will land
up at buying households. Lowering of prices in
our calculation normally will be larger than fees
that households will pay for the transportation
at a fee financing transportation costs to the
customer in question including costs for
connection of the customer and part of passing
culvert and also a normal profit. - So is the case for almost all households in
blocks of flat and also for the totally
dominating parts of the households in small
houses. Connection of households powerfully will
increase economical and environmental advantages
of the system. - In our calculation a small house thus on own
economical merits among others by savings in
commerce will motivate culvert of the smaller
dimension on a distance of about 200 meters.
Accordingly for example 10 households will
motivate 2 km of culverts and 100 of 20 km. - Economical life in built up areas will motivate a
comprehensive nation wide culvert net for
transports them in-between. In rural areas it
will be placed next to roads where most working
places and small houses in the latter areas are
located. The nation wide net thus also ought to
permit probably most among others households in
rural areas being connected to culvert.
28A 9. Commerce will be rationalized in ground 3 of
4
- Södermalm is an island in inner city of Stockholm
with 108 640 inhabitants. Streets on the island
have a total length of 97.7 km (lt1
meter/inhabitant). We assume that all streets are
furnished with culverts. If 20 persons live in
every house the houses are 5 432 (108 640/
20 the exact number isnt known, but this is
high counted). A culvert distance of 15 metres
per house will mean need of furthermore 81.5 km
culverts (5 432 x 0.015) and a total length
culvert of 179.2 km (97.7 81.5). Close to the
island a couple of wholesalers of daily goods are
located that also will be connected assumed
offering daily goods also to households. - At a cost of 7.2 million a km the investment
costs in culverts will be 1 290 million SEK
(179.2 x 7.2). Including costs for connections of
163 million SEK (5 432 x 0.030) total erection
investments will sum up at 1 453 million
SEK. This sum at 5 percent interest and 30 years
annuity will amount a capital cost of 94.5
million SEK per year
(1 453 x 0.06505).
29A 9. Commerce will be rationalized in ground 4 of
4
- In our calculation value added in retail trade in
Sweden amount 43.1 billion SEK per year (the
figure is uncertain) corresponding to 4 789 SEK
per inhabitant and 7 979 SEK per household on
mentioned island and year. Per week this
corresponds to 92 and 153 SEK (4 789/52 and 7
979/52). - The 65 204 households if buying daily goods by
the system once a week at high variable fee of
80 SEK per transport will bring the exploiter an
income of 271.2 million SEK (65 204 x 52 x 80). - Solely buying of daily goods will bring the
exploiter a net income after financing the
culvert net of 176.7 million SEK per year (281.2
94.5). This surplus roughly estimated very
easily ought to cover all remaining costs for
this construction.
30Terminal in small house
- Hole is made in outer wall in for example cellar
Sliding lid on inside of outer wall that
automatically will open at passage of the wagon
and immediately after that will close
Box for automatically collection and leaving of
mail
Culvert dimension inner measure 400 x 400 mm
Wagon 300 x 300 x 1 000 mm
Outerwall
Wagon
Alternative placing of terminal at street/road
under locked lid (a box that the wagon will roll
into and from) Calculated cost per terminal for
small house 30 000 SEK
31A 10. Savings in stockings will be enormous in
among others industry 1 of 5
- Stockings are much more expensive than people in
common probably believe and of companies often
are seen on as a necessary evil. - According rule of thumb presented by Curt
Nicolin, earlier managing director in ASEA (now A
in ABB), yearly costs for stockings and directly
related costs will sum up to about half worth of
the stockings. In these costs are included many
components. See these at point B 4 below. - Stockings in Sweden have a calculated worth of
about 700 billion SEK and as result will bring
costs of about 350 billion SEK per year. - A detail during successive refinement passing
three engineering plants (for example punching a
cover in one company that in next company is
mounted in a motor and in a third company is
placed in a vacuum cleaner) before it in a
finished commodity via wholesaler is sold in a
shop in our calculation (uncertainty by
incomplete statistics) has a total time in
stocking of 14 months before it attains customer,
see mentioned point B 4 below.
32A 10. Savings in stockings will be enormous in
among others industry 2 of 5
- The wagon can roll from placement next to working
chair at end assembler in an industrial plant
where the commodities are loaded in the wagon one
after one after completion. After that the
commodities often without, or with simple packing
by pushing a button wholly automatically will be
sent in the wagon directly to next company in the
logistics chain. There, perhaps via waiting
store, it will land next to working chair at the
assembler on question. - In such a case stockings of finished goods
totally will disappear (except for the small
quantity of goods already placed in the wagon
just being loaded). The small packages of goods
sent furthermore will make possible extraordinary
small stockings of inset goods. - Of different reasons goods today arent always
moved to next production moment at optimal point
of time. This seldom will be compensated at next
production moment. Instead delays at different
production moments often are added to each
others.
33A 10. Savings in stockings will be enormous in
among others industry 3 of 5
- Also stockings at work will diminish of the same
reason. These thus also consist of stocking of
finished goods at one production moment and
stocking of inset goods at next. The
commodities also in this case will be sent at
appropriate small goods packages (according
capital binding in stocking and more) precisely
when the sender wants and will roll to the
receiver directly or via waiting store on the
factory from which it by pushing a button will be
called in by the receiver. - Extremely low variable transportation costs will
mean that optimal quantity of goods transported
at every single consignment dramatically will
diminish. Today its profitable for a company
with only one buyer of a commodity (comparably
usual for subcontractors) building up stockings
to the level that variable costs for stockings
will be similar to variable costs for the
transport (time will build up a quadratic
function in costs for stockings). As variable
transportation costs for the car is high this
today will mean large stockings. With the system
this variable cost will diminish dramatically,
which will mean optimal transportation quantities
at small goods packages. Loading room for the
wagon therefore often ought to be large enough
for optimal loading quantity.
34A 10. Savings in stockings will be enormous in
among others industry 4 of 5
- Costs for stockings dramatically will diminish by
the system. A halving in our calculation ought to
be possible for a full scale construction of the
system in Sweden directly connecting almost all
working places and households. - Only these savings in stockings and directly
related costs, that is in necessary evil, as
result are so gigantic that they alone ought to
make possible financing of this full scale
construction.
35A 10. Savings in stockings will be enormous in
among others industry 5 of 5
- Furthermore a saving will emerge in stockings
above Nicolins rule of thumb and not included in
the above, that ought to diminish value on the
stockings perhaps with a three digit number in
billion SEK counted for the full scale system in
Sweden. It will emerge as result of diminishing
accumulated costs by the system for goods placed
in stockings. A component that earlier had a cost
of 100 SEK thus as result of savings in among
others logistics by the system will have a value
of for example only 50 SEK. As result among
others capital binding in stockings and wastages
will diminish and the once for all income
described in point B 4 below will increase.
36A 11. Savings in handling will be enormous among
others in industry
- Handling dramatically will be simplified when a
wagon according to above wholly automatically
will park next to working chair for end assembler
in a company and, after loading often without or
with simple packing, wholly automatically will
roll to placement next to working chair at
receiving assembler either directly or via
waiting store. Handling on a similar way will be
possible executing by the wagon between different
production moments inside a working place and
also directly to customers, among others at
commerce or to households. - Conventional handling often is executed by manned
lifting trucks lifting the goods and moving it.
Many of these handlings as result totally will
fall off or are replaced by wholly automatically.
In a normal case today handlings among others are
executed from lorry via loading ramp to stockings
of inset goods, from there to production, between
different production moments, into and out from
packing into stockings of finished goods and via
loading ramp to lorry.
37A 12. Savings in packing will be enormous among
others in industry
- Today packing will meet tough challenges. They
aim at protecting transported goods from thrust,
from wind and weather, from coldness and heat and
from being easily accessible for unauthorized.
For commodities to be sold in shops demand on
packing furthermore is that its selling. - Demand on all these points powerfully will
diminish at transportation by the system. Many
transports wholly will fall off and then also of
cause needs of accompanied packing, for example
when whole commercial links will be superfluous.
Furthermore need of packing often totally will
fall off at lenient, protected transportation via
the system. In other cases, the majority, packing
can be manufactured and applied much simpler than
today.
38A 13. Savings in locals will be enormous among
others in industry
- Handling, packing and stocking often are the most
space demanding functions in among others
industry. Savings in locals therefore will be
enormous. - According handling the manual lifting truck today
will need space before goods being handled in
order having access to them, for backing and
swinging and it needs broad gangways for the
handling. The wagon in contrast will park on a
small area next to the assembler and will follow
bands on areas that at the same time are walking
areas not needing larger width where the wagon
rolls than 600 mm. It moves in exactly the same
manner from time to time. - Needs of local as seen above also will diminish
in commerce among others by falling off
commercial links and in transportation in the
form among others of garage. - Direct connection is ground for these savings in
other than transportation and also is reason for
much of net savings in transportation. The
possibility of direct connection thus
dramatically will increase worth of the system.
39A 14. Possibilities of savings in air traffic
will be large 1 of 3
- The system can be used at handling of luggage
between terminal building and the aeroplanes. - However the most interesting use of the system in
air traffic probably is another. Thus it will be
considerably more comfortable and very cheap for
an air traveller to send luggage directly from
own dwelling (normally from cellar) to the
destination via the goods transportation system
and combination transport with railway or ship
some days before the travelling day. - Control that the luggage has arrived to the
destination can be executed before travelling. At
arriving for the passenger to destination the
luggage already waits there. Many passengers will
need commodities on the air travelling only for
the travelling in itself, that is almost nothing.
The passenger then will be spared from wearing of
heavy suitcases. - Costs for security controls at air terminals
radically will diminish. - Handling of luggage on airports also dramatically
will diminish.
40A 14. Possibilities of savings in air traffic
will be large 2 of 3
- Today these functions will bring large costs with
large needs of personnel, transport bands,
equipments for security control, trucks and
wagons that at large parts ought to be possible
saving. Large local areas will be saved of the
same reasons. - Fuel consumption for existing aeroplanes ought to
diminish at lower total transporting weights. - Existing aeroplanes perhaps sometimes can be
rebuilt for loading more fuels aiming at flying
on longer distances. - Security on aeroplanes will increase as heavy
hand luggage today often are placed on shelves
close to roof where it at among others air
pockets risks of falling down on passengers.
41A 14. Possibilities of savings in air traffic
will be large 3 of 3
- Future aeroplanes can be constructed for lower
luggage weight. Useful loading for one version
of Boeing 737 with 189 seats thus is 20 tons of
maximum starting weight of 79 tons. If passengers
today will bring luggage of each 30 kg total
weight for luggage is 5.7 tons. Perhaps its
possible to manufacture aeroplanes lighter for
the same number of passengers or more passengers
for the same total transporting weight. Smaller
and lighter aeroplanes for the same passenger
number will diminish costs for manufacturing
aeroplanes among others by lesser needs of raw
materials. - In our judgement air authorities, air port
operators and airlines in different ways will
support this development. - Market for air transportation ought to increase
as result firstly of shorter total time for
flight passengers by simpler security controls
and suitcase handling, secondly of the same
reason lower starting and landing fees on
airlines from air port operators and thirdly more
effective using of the aeroplanes as luggage
weights will diminish.
42A 15. Savings in other than transportation is
head explanation why total savings will be
calculated 45 times as large as costs for the
culvert net in county of Stockholm directly
connecting almost all working places to each
others
- Savings in other than car transportation
according to our calculations as said constitutes
for about 80 percent of all savings. - As savings in transportation due to above is nine
times as large as costs for described culvert net
in county of Stockholm directly connecting almost
all working places to each others, total savings
for this construction roughly calculated ought to
amount a 45 times higher sum than costs for the
culvert net. Totally dominating part of the
savings will land up at buyers of the transports.
- In our opinion therefore its far beyond border
for what is reasonable that the project wont be
profitable in business economic terms.
43A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
1 of 8
- Energy needs powerfully will diminish of many
reasons - Transporting distances often will diminish as the
system doesnt need to transport round about ways
via lorry centrals and commercial links and more.
Needs of energy then will diminish corresponding.
- In the gigantic volume light transportation of
goods transferred from car to a similar long
transporting distance with the goods
transportation system energy needs will be about
one hundredth of the cars. So is the case by
lower transported weight (often one twentieth),
lower air resistance both by lower speed and
lesser cross section and air swept area, lower
velocity accelerating up to, fewer braking,
electrical instead of fuel motor driving and so
on. - Also when more than one wagon demands for
replacing a car energy needs at transportation
will diminish. - Energy needs will diminish also at transferring
of heavy transportation from car to combination
transportation between the system and railway and
ships. Last mentioned transportation kinds thus
are more energy efficient than the heavy lorry. - Fever cars will diminish needs of among others
steel and energy at manufacturing of the cars
while energy needs for the wagon is small.
44A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
2 of 8
- Many handlings with accompanying energy needs
totally will fall off when whole commercial links
will fall off and when intermediate stockings
will be superfluous at for example lorry
centrals. - Handling today often are executed by fuel or
electric driven lifting trucks, often manned and
heavy (sometimes furnished with counter weight
that furthermore will increase weight) with
strong, heavy motors for also managing of lifting
the goods. This may be compared to the wagon that
with very low own weight indoors only at low
speed rolls on a plane surface at utterly low
effect and energy needs. Lower needs of among
others material for handling equipment also will
diminish energy needs. - Many packing with following energy needs wholly
will disappear when whole commercial links will
fall off and when intermediate stocking will be
superfluous in for example lorry centrals.
Majority of the packing ought to be simpler
shaping. - Diminishing material needs for packing will lower
energy needs. Packing today thus consist of
material demanding large energy amounts at
production, among others paper and plastics. Also
working with packing will demand energy which
needs will diminish.
45A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
3 of 8
- The system as said will diminish needs of and in
other cases simplify handling and packing and
diminish needs of stockings. As handling, packing
and stockings often are the most space demanding
functions in among others industry, also needs of
locals powerfully will diminish. Needs of locals
also as mentioned powerfully will diminish in
commerce among other by falling off needs of
commercial links and in transportation among
other by lesser needs of garages and service
locals for cars. - Heating of houses in Sweden stands for about 40
percent of total energy needs in society, of
which a considerable part ought to be possible
saving. In buildings also exist electrical pumps,
fans and illumination which needs will diminish. - Needs of new locals will diminish which will save
building material, among others concrete, brick,
wood, steel, plastics and more for which
production today will demand large energy
resources. The building process in itself with
accompanying transportation also is energy
demanding. - To conclude the system will save large amounts of
energy in locals and at building of them.
46A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
4 of 8
- Unique for the system is the small loss of heat
emerging at passage of the wagon between culvert
and locals. A shutter in the wall will be opened
immediately before and closed immediately after
passage of the little wagon with only limited
change of air between the culvert and the locals.
- Today large amounts of cold air rushes into
locals in connection with goods transportation
when doors and gateways at cold weather are open
for passages of commodities both at sending and
receiving. Savings are yet somewhat larger in the
many cases transportation will fall off for
example when whole commercial links will be
superfluous or when goods today will be placed in
intermediately stockings on lorry centrals. - Furthermore commodities arriving into locals from
culvert at cold weather will have higher
temperature than if they will come from a lorry
platform and passively are warmed up when taken
indoors.
47A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
5 of 8
- These savings of energy, both in unwanted
ventilation and passively warming of goods, are
possible furthermore to enhance (we realize that
this may be seen as all too imaginative but its
possible and probably profitable) if linings for
electricity and distant heating are placed in the
system culvert or in own culverts in the same
piece of concrete as the system culvert also
possible to reach from the street. The combined
culverts then are constructed in such a way that
heat transfer to the system culvert will be good.
Waste heating from these linings today
corresponds energy from two large nuclear
reactors (12 TWh per year) in Sweden and in our
survey calculation ought to be enough for keeping
head part of the culvert net (with most traffic)
at room temperature also during winter. Goods as
result then most often will keep room temperature
when arriving indoors. Service of the linings in
question will be simplified. - Savings of energy, many TWh per year, ought to
arise both by diminishing volume rushing in of
cold air in locals and as commodities are warmer
and, if building together of culverts are
applied, usually will hold room temperature when
arriving indoors. This application however
probably is most realistic to realize if state or
commune is exploiter of the system.
48A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
6 of 8
- Common culverts where different linings will
divide costs for the common ditch and restoring
economically will permit erection of among others
distant heating to customer groups earlier being
unprofitable to connect. This may be valid among
others for sparsely populated small house areas
and groups of houses being on somewhat longer
distance from existing net for distant heating.
The system culvert connects into the houses which
will simplify the common culverts. Digging of
ditch and restoring constitutes a considerable
part of calculated costs for the system culvert. - New housing estates at low cost ought to be
possible provide with system culvert where
linings for electricity and distant heating are
integrated.
49A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
7 of 8
- Also in air traffic energy needs will diminish by
above mentioned possibility of sending luggage as
combination transport between the system and
railway or ships.
50A 16. Energy needs will diminish of many reasons
8 of 8
- Energy needs accordingly will diminish except for
by saved car transportation and cars also of
these other reasons. Many other effects by the
system furthermore will diminish energy needs,
see the in total about 340 items for savings and
other advantages by the system in table 12 at
Rapport on www.uvds.org (only in Swedish). Part
of all these savings are valid for electricity.
That is cause for our judgment that total needs
of electricity in society also will diminish
though the wagons are driven by electricity. - Demand of energy for the wagon thus is extremely
low and as above mentioned will amount about one
hundredth of the car at the totally dominating
goods transportation with car one wagon can
replace one car. Total need of electricity for
mentioned full scale system in Sweden is
calculated 0.6 TWh. - Savings of energy except for those mentioned on
first side under this heading emerges in other
than car transportation and usually is unique for
this system with its possibility of connecting
almost all users of transportation. - All mentioned savings of energy also will include
economical savings.
51A 17. Climate gases will diminish perhaps by 20
to 25 percent of today by the system 1 of 3
- In our calculation car traffic on duty and
privately ought to diminish by a third to a
fourth by the system and, as affected cars are
more fuel consuming than the average car (high
proportion lorries), a bit more of car fuel
consumption will fall off. - Vehicle transportation stands for about 40
percent of climate gases in Sweden. Diminishing
of climate gases as result ought to amount 12 to
15 percent by diminishing car transportation in
the country. - Among large areas of use for fossil fuels, motor
fuels among others to the car in debate rightly
has been consider as core of the problem
according climate loading with emissions being
seen on as most difficult to diminish. - As the system roughly will bring similar
advantages in other countries diminishing oil
consumption of the same magnitude ought to be the
case also there. Exception is developing
countries which now however fast are building up
such. Of total global oil consumption today, 72
percent is used for road traffic. Therefore this
saving is important.
52A 17. Climate gases will diminish perhaps by 20
to 25 percent of today by the system 2 of 3
- Electricity and motor fuels as touched upon will
be saved when lifting trucks will be replaced by
the wagon at handling inside companies. - Energy needs as to above will diminish and also
climate gases by other reasons than by moving of
goods - Lesser needs of handling, packing, stockings,
locals roads and more will diminish climate
gases. Needs of new locals will diminish. - Lesser unwanted ventilation when doors are open
at commodity passing and lesser passively warming
up of commodities when taken indoors at cold
weather. - More efficient use of aeroplanes.
- Cheaper distant heating net if possibility of
joint building of culverts between the goods
transportation system, distant heating,
electrical lining and more is utilized. This will
make possible more connections to distant heating
often resulting in lesser emissions of climate
gases than alternatives for house heating of
today.
53A 17. Climate gases will diminish by the system
perhaps by 20 to 25 percent of today 3 of 3
- Many other points in the list of totally about
340 items in table 12 in Report will mean
diminishing climate gases. - At this background our judgment is that climate
gases will diminish by net 20 to 25 percent by
the goods transportation system. - Society will be much more resource saving and,
how strange it yet may sound for the uninformed,
this will be combined with an increasing living
standard for public. - The system also will bring a better economy which
ought to make possible concentration of much
larger insets on the considerably smaller
environmental problems remaining. In section B
below is described how also personnel
transportation by car by society ought to be
possible reducing to a fraction of today made
possible by the system.
54A 18. The goods transportation system ought to
motivate its costs only by environmental reasons
1 of 4
- Besides economical reasons environmental reasons
perhaps alone will motivate realizing of the
goods transportation system for state or commune
and maybe pedagogically most distinct. In
ourselves we judge them being motives enough. - According environmental motives if state or
commune examines assumptions for investing in the
system partly ought to be demanded that variable
transportation costs will be enough low making
possible for the system competing against car. If
so will be the case transportation really will be
transferred to the system where culvert is
constructed. As to above we judge this good
competitive strength for the system being
obvious.
55A 18. The goods transportation system ought to
motivate its costs only by environmental reasons
2 of 4
- Partly is demanded that a culvert net is possible
to finance, but if environmental reasons alone
will be able motivating the total sum of 50
billion SEK according to above being needed for
connecting of almost all working places in county
of Stockholm to each others the investment
already is provided for. - The system thus powerfully and genuine will
diminish car traffic. Many car transportation
wholly will disappear, among others between lorry
centrals and to commercial links which due to
above will be superfluous. At the great majority
of all goods transportations one wagon will
replace one car furthermore energy consumption
due to above will diminish to calculated about
one hundredth. Heavy lorry transportation will be
transferred combination transports between the
system and railway and ships also with big
environmental advantages. - Transportation will disappear from streets and
roads which also will diminish among others risks
for accidents, noise and dust. Light
transportation today especially is concentrated
in central parts of cities furnishing working
places with goods. These at high part will fall
off.
56A 18. The goods transportation system ought to
motivate its costs only by environmental reasons
3 of 4
- As comparison the now current large passer by
motor way project west of the city of Stockholm,
West Link, will cost about 28 billion SEK, that
is more than half of the full scale investment
for the goods transportation system between
almost all working places in county of Stockholm.
This motor way principally aims at moving car
traffic out from centre and in many cases will
lengthen driving distances. - Added to that without hesitation comprehensive
incomes and covering contribution of fixed costs
will emerge for the system that will finance at
least part of investment costs. At the fee for
example assumed above (30 SEK plus 5 SEK per km
at choice of high variable fee) these savings in
our calculation many times over will finance all
costs for the systems infrastructure
investments. - Added to that comes gigantic savings in other
than transportation according to above, much
larger than in traffic.
57A 18. The goods transportation system ought to
motivate its costs only by environmental reasons
4 of 4
- If the low fee due to above is used, which is
assumed, for example it will be possible for
household making also small shopping profitable.
Cheap commodities will be possible sending
between households and to service and reparation.
Prepared food, also in single portions,
commercially can be sent from restaurants and
licensed households still being warm at arriving
at for example working places, care institutions
and to other households.
58A 19. The system will result in powerfully
increased incomes for the households and,
probably especially important for households,
strongly diminishing costs 1 of 2
- The system will result in powerfully increased
incomes for households. - Large parts of consumption for households consist
of goods, for which prices dramatically will be
lowered among others by cheaper logistics inside
and between factories, falling off of often both
wholesale and retail sale links and powerfully
lowered costs in remaining retail units. - - Of costs for a commodity cost for logistics
normally stand for 30 to 50 percent, of which
head part ought to be possible saving when the
system is used. - - Prices on goods further will diminish by
falling off of other than logistics costs, for
example for diminishing packing, stocking and
locals in industry and trade and falling off of
cashiers service when whole commercial links
will be superfluous. - Halving of goods prices often ought to be the
case.
59A 19. The system will result in powerfully
increased incomes for the households and,
probably especially important for households,
strongly diminishing costs 2 of 2
- Costs for resident will diminish depending on
powerfully lowered costs for building.
Construction thus in much is a question of
logistics. Firstly many of these costs will
diminish or fall off at manufacturing of building
components, secondly at transportation to working
places for construction and thirdly as costs for
comprehensive unplanned goods transportation
connected to building mostly of very small
quantities of goods, today very expensive,
dramatically ought to diminish. - Goods transportation with car at among others
shopping of goods will diminish. About 80 percent
of daily goods shopping as mentioned today in
Sweden is by car. Many households as result will
sell the car, supported by attitudes in society
favouring such acting. - Tax burden ought to be possible lowering at
unchanged standard on public sector, see below. - Poorness will diminish both by increasing incomes
and, not least, by the fact that savings, above
mentioned, at high degree are valid for the bare
necessities for life or are unavoidable (taxes). - Social effects as result will be comprehensive
and positive
60A 20. Many other important advantages will arise
for households at connection to culvert 1 of 3
- Except for buying of traditional commodities
households as above mentioned also will be able
buying prepared foods from near situated
restaurants or especially licensed households
that still is warm when arriving by the system to
among others them. Many peoples eating habits as
result considerably ought to be better. This
possibility probably will be most important for
elderly and handicapped households. - We believe that households at probably good
competitive strength will start companies in
preparing such food. Starting costs will be very
low as households already dispose own kitchens.
We furthermore believe that households today
having difficulties in getting work on regular
working market will contribute to such prepared
foods activities. Arising extra incomes for these
households probably will have great social and
regional worth. - Households ought to have possibilities competing
also in many other branches of business.
61A 20. Many other important advantages will arise
for households at connection to culvert 2 of 3
- By the system households will be able of sending
commodities to service and repair and receiving
them after finished work. - Dispatching and collecting of mail and similar
will be possible executing at households own
terminals. Especially equipped wagons rolling
from house to house will be able executing this
services if desirably many times per day at
extremely low cost. - The system can be used for refuse transportations
from households at if desired advanced
sorting at source and possibilities of good
regaining. - Households at extremely low costs can send goods
in between. - Social problems often has its origin in bad
economy for affected households. By the system
these ought to diminish. - Except for lowered costs and comprehensive social
and regional advantages use of the system will
mean increased convenience for households.
62A 20. Many other important advantages will arise
for households at connection to culvert 3 of 3
- Old people (also in built up areas) will have
possibility living longer in their dwellings as
both providing of prepared warm food and other
providing at high quality can be supplied by the
system. They will be independent among others on
nearness to shop. Their needs of care as result
will diminish (part of work for home help is
valid for supplying the households with food and
other necessities). - Handling incidents and working injuries ought to
diminish as goods handling today often will mean
heavy lifting, which in great part will fall off
by the system. - Traffic incidents will diminish caused by
diminishing car traffic. - Traffic queues will diminish by the system.
- Living on long distances from among others shops,
also on distances being valid inside built up