Monday, March 23

1
Monday, March 23

• Bellwork
• Government Foldable
• Classwork
• Finish 11.3
• Homework
• Study map and government foldable

2

• Compare and Contrast Roman Republic and American
  Government Foldable
• Similarities between the Roman Republic and U.S.
  government- both feature executive and
  legislative branches- both systems have checks
  and balances embedded- the head executives can
  be removed from power by legislators- the head
  executives have military responsibilities- both
  lead executives have veto power- the executives
  are charged with enforcing the laws- the
  legislative bodies make laws and control the
  budgets- written law codes exist in both
  societies (Rome Twelve Tables/ U.S. Bill of
  Rights)- political divisions exist in both (Rome
  patricians vs. plebeians / U.S. citizens of a
  more liberal persuasion vs. citizens of a more
  conservative persuasion)- wealthy people are
  more likely to get elected- both place the
  authority of the state above that of the
  individualDifferences between the Roman
  Republic and U.S. government
• Roman system did not have a separate judicial
  branch- Roman consuls (2 people) served 1-year
  terms / U.S. presidents (1 person) serve 4-year
  terms- Rome had a provision for a dictator to
  take over / the U.S. does not- Roman consuls had
  religious duties / the U.S. president does not-
  Romans continued to own slaves / Americans do
  not- Roman senators served for life / American
  senators have 6-year terms- Roman women were not
  allowed to participate in politics / American
  women are allowed- Rome had rigid social classes
  / the U.S. has more flexible social classes

3
Solve it.

• The Crime
• A man has been murdered.
• As a table, solve the murder.
• Who is the victim?
• How was he killed?
• Who did it?
• What were the motives?
• a.
• b.
• c.
• As a result, what is the future of the Roman
  Republic?

4
Monday, March 23

• Bellwork
• Government Foldable
• Classwork
• Finish 11.3
• Homework
• Study map and government foldable

5
The End of the Republic

• Chapter 11.3

6
Tennessee State Standards

• 6.64 Describe the influence of Julius Caesar and
  Augustus in Romes transition from a republic to
  an empire and explain the reasons for the growth
  and long life of the Roman Empire. (C, E, G, H,
  P) Military organization, tactics, and
  conquests and decentralized administration the
  purpose and functions of taxes the promotion of
  economic growth through the use of a standard
  currency, road construction, and the protection
  of trade routes the benefits of a Pax Romana
• 6.65 Reflect on the impact of the lives of
  Cleopatra, Marc Anthony, Nero, Diocletian, and
  Constantine, city of Constantinople on the Roman
  Empire. (H, P)
• 6.71 Explain the spread and influence of the
  Roman alphabet and the Latin language, the use of
  Latin as the language of education for more than
  1,000 years, and the role of Latin and Greek in
  scientific and academic vocabulary. (C, H, G)
• 6.72 Compare and contrast the Roman gods and
  goddesses to the Greek gods and goddesses,
  including Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Neptune,
  Saturn, Pluto, and Hera and their inclusion in
  modern society.

7
Problems in the Republic

• Republic faced many economic troubles
• Gap between rich and poor grew
• Farmers faced financial ruin
• Cities were overcrowded and dangerous

It appears the republic really is falling!!!!!!!
8
Romans-Rich and Poor

• Most Romans were plebeians
• Power was held by the patricians
• Farmers fell into poverty
• Farmers neglected fields while fighting wars
• Some farms were destroyed by the Carthaginians
• Farmers could not pay back loans
• Small farms were pushed out of business
• Thousands of poor unemployed moved to the cities
  looking for jobs
• To prevent a revolt, leaders offered policy of
  bread and circuses which was cheap food and
  free entertainment

9
Roman Reformers

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• Thought problems were caused by rich
• Urged the Senate to take some land from rich and
  return it to the poor
• Senate disagreed
• Senators killed Tiberius and Gracchus
• People who made laws-broke laws

10
Roman Politics and the Army

• Marius
• Military general became consul
• Plebian
• Recruited poor for army and paid them wages
• Plan weakened government
• Soldiers were more loyal to generals than
  republic
• Generals passed laws that gave land to soldiers

11
Sulla

• Marius was opposed by Sulla
• Sulla drove his enemies out of Rome
• Named himself dictator
• First time ever a general led his army into
  capital
• Reduced power of tribunes
• Gave senators more power
• Sulla stepped down as dictator
• Started a conflict that lasted 50 years

12
The Rise of Julius Caesar

• After Sulla, 3 men ruled the Republic
• Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar
• Formed the First Triumvirate to rule Rome
• A Triumvirate is a political group of 3 people
  who share equal power

13
Caesars Conquests

• Each Triumvirate member commanded a military
• Pompey led in Spain
• Crassus in Syria
• Caesar in Gaul-France and Belgium
• Poor supported Caesar
• Senators feared Caesar was becoming to popular

14
First Triumvirate

• First Triumvirate no longer existed
• Crassus had died in battle
• Pompey emerges as Caesars main rival
• Senate supported Pompey
• Ordered Caesar to give up army
• Caesar refused

15
Caesar crossing Rubicon

• Caesar gathered troops and crossed Rubicon River
• Refused to obey the Senate
• Marching on Rome
• Started a civil war
• Captured all of Italy
• Drove Pompeys forces out

16
Caesar Takes Power

• Caesar took over the Roman Government
• Declared himself dictator for life
• Introduced reforms
• Became popular with poor
• Gave citizenship to people
• Ordered landowners to hire free workers

17
Julian Calendar

• Caesar introduced calendar
• 12 months
• 365 days
• Became known as Julian calendar
• Used until A.D. 1582

18
Caesar

• Many Romans praised Caesar as a wise ruler
• Brought peace and good government to Rome
• Senators Brutus and Cassius plotted to kill him
• On March 15, 44 B.C. Caesars opponents gathered
  around him and stabbed him
• Became known as the Ides of March

19
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20
Julius Caesar

• Caesars murder was made famous in the play
  Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare. In play,
  Caesar was warned to Beware the Ides of March

21
Cleopatra and Rome

• http//www.mrdowling.com/702-cleopatra.html
• Follow along with the powerpoint reading

22
From Republic to Empire

• After Caesars death, civil war broke out
• Caesars 18-year old grandnephew Octavian joined
  Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus
• This was the Second Triumvirate

23
Second Triumvirate

• Divided the Roman Empire
• Octavian took Italy and the west
• Antony ruled in Greece and the east
• Lepidus took North Africa

24
Antony and Cleopatra

• Second Triumvirate did not last
• Lepidus retired from politics
• Octavian and Antony became rivals

25
Antony and Cleopatra

• Antony fell in love with Cleopatra
• Together they formed an alliance
• Octavian accused Antony and Cleopatra of plotting
  against Rome
• Octavian declared war on Antony

26
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Octavian and Antony

• Octavian and Antonys navies clashed off the
  coast of Greece
• At the Battle of Actium
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra
• Octavian captured Alexandria, Egypt
• Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves to avoid
  being captured by Octavian

28
Octavian-a New Direction

• Octavian became the supreme ruler of Rome
• Civil war ended and so did the Roman Republic

29
Cicero

• Cicero
• Political leader
• Supported the representative government
• Died before Octavian rose to power
• Influenced the writers of the United States
  Constitution

30
Octavian

• Octavian became consul, tribune, and
  commander-in-chief for life
• Took the title Augustus or the majestic one
• Caesar Augustus became the first emperor, or
  all-powerful ruler

31
Now what?

• Finish 11.3 Onesheet
• Study foldable
• Study map