Deforestation

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Deforestation CONSERVATION

• LOVINGLY PREPARED BY
• HANNAH, HUIXUAN, SIMIN, MINROU
• (??-)??.?.??(o???)o

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CONTENTS
What is deforestation?
What are the effects of deforestation?
What can we do to reduce deforestation?
What has the government done to reduce
deforestation?
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Deforestation

• About 11000 ago, before Man learnt to cultivate
  land for growing his own food, a large part of
  the Earth was covered with forests. Today, six
  out of ten forests have been cleared, so that
  they now cover little more than one-fifth of the
  land on Earth. Destruction of forested land is
  called deforestation.
• Deforestation occurs for
• many reasons trees or derived
• charcoal are used
• as, or sold, for fuel or as
• a commodity, while cleared
• land is used as pasture for
• livestock, plantations of commodities, and
  settlements.

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deforestation

• The removal of trees without sufficient
  reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat,
  biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse
  impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon
  dioxide. Deforested regions typically incur
  significant adverse soil erosion and frequently
  degrade into wasteland. Currently, 12 million
  hectares of forests are cleared anually.
• Biosequestration is the capture and storage of
  the atmospheric greenhouse gas carbon dioxide by
  biological processes.

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deforestation

• Because of this, merely replanting trees may not
  help in solving the problem caused by
  deforestation, for by the time the trees mature,
  the soil will be totally devoid of essential
  nutrients. Ultimately, cultivation in this land
  will also become impossible, resulting in
  the land becoming useless.

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deforestation

• Erosion of Soil When
• forest areas are cleared, the
• soil is exposed to the sun,
• making it very dry and
• eventually, infertile, due to
• volatile nutrients being lost.
• In addition, when there is
• erosion, rainfall washes away
• the rest of the nutrients, which
• flow with the rainwater into
• waterways.

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deforestation

• Disruption of the Water Cycle Trees
• contribute in a
  large way
• in maintaining the
  water
• cycle. They take in
  water
• via their roots,
  which is
• then released into
  the
• atmosphere. A large
  part
• of the water that
  circulates
• in the ecosystem of
• rainforests, for instance,
• remains inside the plants.
• When these trees are cut
• down it results in the climate
• getting drier in that area.

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deforestation

• Loss of Biodiversity The unique biodiversity of
  various geographical areas is being lost on a
  scale that is quite unprecedented. Even though
  tropical rainforests make up just 6 percent of
  the surface area of the Earth, about 85 percent
  of the entire species of the world exist here.
  Due to massive deforestation, about 50 to 100
  species of animals are being lost each day. This
  puts the extinction of animals and plants on a
  massive scale.

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deforestation

• Flooding and Drought
• One of the vital
  functions of
• forests is to absorb
  and
• store great amounts
  of
• water quickly when
  there
• are heavy rains. When
  
• forests are cut down,
  this regulation
• of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to
  
• alternating periods of
• flood and then
• drought in the
• affected area.

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deforestation

• Climate Change It is well known that global
  warming is being
• caused largely due to emissions of greenhouse
  gases into the
• atmosphere. However, what is not quite known is
  that
• deforestation has a direct association with
  carbon dioxide
• emissions into the atmosphere. Trees act as a
  major storage
• depot for carbon, since they absorb
• carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
• to photosynthesis to produce
• glucose which makes up trees. When
• deforestation occurs, many of the
• trees are burnt or are left to rot,
• which results in releasing the carbon
• that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This in
  turn leads to
• Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the
  atmosphere.

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YouTube!O_____O

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vqzK2XITThZM

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What can we do to reduce deforestation?

• Recycling we should recycle all the thing
• that are made of tree ex. Paper, bags,
• furniture, etc. because it lead to the
• less cutting of tree and also
• the products of trees will be
• used wisely.
• Wood factories we should stop or lessen the
  production in those factories that cut down trees
  to make their products ex. paper, furniture, etc.
  
•   People's basic needs we all know that the
  colossal cause of deforestation is people's needs
  from the forests. Even though we depend on the
  forests, we should learn to lessen our dependency
  on the forests and their environment. So we need
  to use a little of them as possible and wisely.

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What can we do to reduce deforestation?

• Paper paper is one of the
• most important things in the
• world without it we can't do
• almost anything. We can't
• study, write, learn and a lot of
• stuff which is impossible to do
• without paper, but many of the forests are
  destroyed just to make paper out of them. So
  lessen your dependency on the paper and try to
  use as less as possible and recycle them.
• Reforestation after cutting down a tree we
  should plant two because this way there will be a
  balance of
• ecosystem and the rate of deforestation will
  diminish.

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Reforestation _at_ SUNGEI BULOH (Singapore)

• Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserves Reforestation and
  Reachout started in August 2004, with the
  generous sponsorship of Toyota Motor Corporation
  and the participation of five schools. The
  programme aimed to involve students in
  reforesting the area around the outdoor classroom
  and to create educational materials based on
  their experience. It was hard work in the
  beginning sourcing committed and willing
  activists. However, we did still manage to secure
  five schools willing to participate and commit at
  least six to eight months of their time for this
  project.

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Reforestation _at_ sungei buloh (singapore)

• The area around the Outdoor Classroom at SBWR
  showcased the diverse habitats of the Wetland
  Reserve, namely the mangrove, back mangrove,
  secondary forest and freshwater pond.
• Each of these habitats had its own uniqueness,
  which supported diversities
• of flora and fauna. A
• small spice garden
• was also planted to
• help the visitor link his
• new experiences of the
• Reserves plants to something
• he is likely to be familiar with.

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Reforestation _at_ sungei buloh (singapore)

• From August 2004 to November 2004, the activists
  underwent a series of workshops conducted by SBWR
  staff and volunteers. These workshops included an
  orientation programme to familiarize them with
  their respective sites and to explain the need
  for reforestation. Through sessions on plant
  drawing, public speaking and presentations,
  resource searching and creating educational
  materials, they broadened their outreach scope.
  Given a list of plants to start with, the
  activists were encouraged to go a step further to
  find out more about the ecology of the area, and
  the benefits of reforestation.

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Reforestation _at_ sungei buloh (singapore)

• The session on public speaking enabled and
  equipped the activists with necessary speaking
  and presentation skills.
• They embraced the message
• of nature conservation
• what this wetland reserve has,
• the importance of trees
• and brought forth a call to their
• peers to join them for a day of
• reforestation, at the Outdoor
• Classroom.

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• Sungei Buloh had a good range of participating
  schools, both local and international, with an
  age range of 10 to 18 year olds. The student
  activists were made up of Singaporeans and a
  diverse group of other nationalities, which
  include UK, Canada, Sweden, New Zealand, Korea,
  Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and
  Vietnam.

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• The role of the activists was to learn first hand
  about reforestation and rally their friends to
  join them in planting a new generation of trees
  and shrubs at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Each
  school had eight activists to represent their
  school in this project.

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For in the true nature of things, if we rightly
consider, every green tree is far more glorious
than if it were made of gold or silver. -Martin
Luther 14831546
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Wilderness and forests around the globe are being
depleted rapidly, and are becoming confined
primarily to islands, parks and reserves. The
health of our planets forests will depend on how
well we manage and protect the few remaining
areas we have left. Forests are not only
sanctuaries of wildlife, but of the human spirit.
Every tree adds vibrancy, colour, magnitude, and
they are vessels of health and vigour. Please,
for the sake of mans future, do contribute.
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Many Hearts to ? ? ? ? ? ?

• ? Google
• ? Yahoo
• ? AltaVista
• ? YouTube
• ? HuiXuan (for bringing lots of snacks to my
  house during the meeting!)