Rainer Friedrich, Sandra Torras Ortiz, Ganlin Huang

1
WP 2 Energy

• Rainer Friedrich, Sandra Torras Ortiz, Ganlin
  Huang
• Institute for Energy Economics and the rational
  Use of Energy University Stuttgart, Germany
• Jouni T. Tuomisto, Marjo Niittynen
• National Institute for Health and Welfare,
  Finland
• City Partners

2
Outline

• Work Package Energy
• Energy balance
• Energy scenarios for future years
• Results
• Traffic interventions
• Biomass (Pellets) use in domestic heating
• Lessons learned

3
Energy balance
Main goal To analyse specific urban GHG
policies regarding their expected influence on
health by emission reduction, changes in energy
demand and supply
4
Energy balance
Technologies (passenger car,(diesel), Small
combustion (biomass)
Demand (light, vkm Passsenger cars, heating of
Dwellings )
Fuel oil
Gas, oil, coal, renewables (secondary primary
energy carriers
Inside city
Refineries
Biomass conversion
Biomass production
Power Plants and electricity distribution
Combined Heat and Power Plants (CHP) District heating plants
Gas distribution
Coal
Electricity
Heat
Gas
from outside city
biomass
Energy services
Final Energy Demand
Energy carrier supply
5
Energy balanceat a City level
Stuttgart
6
Energy balanceat a City level
Basel
7
Energy scenarios for future years
Regional Coverage Pan-European TIMES Model The
model illustrates the whole energy system of the
different member states of the EU-27 plus
Iceland, Norway and Switzerland
8
Energy scenarios for the years 2020-2025
Germany
Switzerland
9
Stuttgart Traffic interventions
What are the expected human health impacts
related to traffic interventions compared to the
business as usual (BAU) scenario for the year
2025?

• Traffic interventions analysed
• Introduction of a congestion charge in the City
  of Stuttgart The amount of 0.10 is raised per
  kilometer driven by passenger car
• Extension of parking management expansion of
  parking management in the districts surrounding
  the city center of Stuttgart.
• Improved public transport light rail frequency
  in the off-peak times is increased
• Improved cycling network
• Combined scenario

10
Stuttgart Traffic interventions
Reduction on Traffic Emissions and fuel use in
BAU 2025 compared to Baseline 2010
11
Stuttgart Traffic interventions
Reduction on Traffic Emissions and fuel use for
each intervention compared to BAU 2025
12
Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios I
What are the expected human health impacts
related to the increasing use of wood pellets in
Stuttgart?

• Business as Usual (BAU) Scenario pellet boilers
  are installed throughout the entire city of
  Stuttgart with growth rates similar to historical
  growth rates (2001-2008).
• Ban on Burning Scenario (BB) pellet boilers are
  not installed within the Stuttgart city center,
  but only in the outer districts.
• Substantial Growth Scenario (SG) pellet boilers
  are installed throughout the entire city of
  Stuttgart with growth rates as expected by the
  DEPV (German Wood and Pellets Fuel Association)
  which estimates 1 million units by 2020 in
  Germany.

13
Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios II
Ban on burning
Substantial growth
Number of pellet boilers in Stuttgart (2025)
14
Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios III

• CO2 emissions change due to replacement of
  traditional energy (Stuttgart mix) with biomass.
  Total CO2 associated to the household sector ca.
  450 Thousand tons.
• Average filter technology was assumed, newer
  filter technology could decrease particulate
  matter substantially (around 40-70 lower
  emissions)

DALYS Disability Adjusted Life Years
15
Greenhouse Gas Balances
CO2 eq/MJ
Greenhouse gas emissions produced in the
preparation of raw material for pellets made of
industrial wood residues and forest wood residues
(Source BioEnergieDat, 2012)
16
Lessons learned

• Energy substitution in domestic heating
• Pellet boilers contribute to reduce CO2 emissions
  by replacing fossil energy sources at a global
  scale. However, at a local scale, higher
  particulate matter emissions could be associated
  to additional local human health impacts.
• Significant differences in wood pellets
  concerning their up- and down stream CO2
  emissions.
• Traffic
• Interventions in the traffic sector account for
  small reductions at a local scale. In the
  specific case of Stuttgart, the emission
  reductions may not justify the large effort
  needed to implement the interventions.
• Human health assessment to be completed within
  the next months