Towards Multi-use of ocean data on the semantic web

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Towards Multi-use of ocean data on the semantic
web

• Barry Tao, Jon Campbell, Gwyn Griffiths

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Why USL?

• Surely this is largely the preserve of data
  managers?
• By designing/building/operating a variety of
  platforms/instruments/sensors we are mainly data
  providers rather than users
• We have control over, and responsibility for how
  data are recorded, formatted
• BODC have already begun work in this area our
  efforts will complement this

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Example of traditional ocean data gathering
Pride of Bilbao Ferrybox
Sensors from different manufacturers need
tailored software interfaces
Data logged in special format
Custom software required for each stage of
processing
Metadata recorded by hand
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Vision for the future

• The sensors themselves should be self-describing
  and able to provide a complete set of metadata on
  request
• The data structures should also be
  self-describing with machine readable headers
  defining the data types, formats and metadata
• By following internationally agreed standards
  data would be immediately accessible to other
  organizations around the world
• Time taken to interface new sensors and adapt
  software to handle new data types is greatly
  reduced

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Where to start?

• Underpinning all this there has to be a set of
  agreed vocabularies and relationships
• In other words an ontology
• Over to Barry

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The Art of Enriching Data

• Data ? Metadata ? Ontology/Semantic Web

all_PofB_2008.sts

• 2008 17.40278244 3599.98 20.00 11.81 0 3464
  64708 0 0 101.0625 0.0
• 2008 17.44444656 3599.87 20.56 12.25 0 3600
  1004 0 0 101.0625 3599.9
• 2008 17.48611259 3599.98 21.31 12.81 0 3600 301
  0 0 101.0605 3600.0
• 2008 17.52778053 3599.98 20.81 12.69 0 3600
  7186 0 0 101.0605 3600.0
• 2008 17.56944656 3600.04 21.37 13.31 0 3463
  12216 0 1 101.0586 3600.0
• 2008 17.61111259 3599.93 21.31 12.94 0 3600
  65202 0 0 101.0586 3599.9
• 17.65277863 3599.98 18.50 10.19 0 3600 64947 0 0
  101.0586 3600.0

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The Semantic Web

• A Web of machine process-able meanings
• W3C (WWW Consortium)
• Ontology (concepts and relations)
• RDF (Resource Description Framework), URI
  (Universal Resource Identifier)
• Open up data to the SW community
• Typical semantic web activities for knowledge
  management
• Ontology engineering
• Knowledge acquisition
• Shared conceptualisation concepts and relations
• OWL (Web ontology language)
• Semantic annotation
• Enriching resources using ontology
• Generating RDF
• Semantic processing
• Query
• Reasoning

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Semantic Web example in RDF

• Things to express
• JohnSmith        lastname        Smith
• JohnSmith        sibling            KevinSmith
• RDF Graph
• Namespace and URI
• ltxmlnsfoaf"http//xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"gt
• ltxmlnsrdfshttp//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schemagt
  ltxmlnsfamilyhttp//www.example.org/ontology/fam
  ily.owlgt
• RDF Triples
• ltSubject Predicate Object gt
• http//www.example.org/people/JohnSmith          r
  dfslabel                 "John Smith"
• http//www.example.org/people/JohnSmith        foa
  flastName          "Smith"
• http//www.example.org/people/JohnSmith          f
  amilysibling      http//www.example.com/people/
  KevinSmith
• http//www.example.org/people/JohnSmith         
  familyage                42
• http//www.example.com/people/KeviSmith           
        rdfslabel                 "Kevin Smith"
• http//www.example.com/people/KeviSmith           
         familyage                35

Smith
foaflastname
John Smith
familysibling
Kevin Smith
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Collaborative Ocean

• Agile Knowledge Engineering
• Multiple domain experts (on sensor, platform,
  etc)
• Distributed and asynchronised contributions
• Experimental testbeds of semantic web
  applications for CO
• Collaborative protégé
• Ontowiki
• Potential collaborators and related technologies
• SeaDataNet (EU) - to construct a standardized
  system for managing the large and diverse data
  sets collected by the oceanographic fleets and
  the new automatic observation systems
• Marine Metadata Interoperability, MMI (US)
  Encourage good good metadata practices in marine
  science
• BODC (UK) Data and metadata archive of marine
  measurement
• SensorML XML models for processes related to
  sensor and sensor measurement
• Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) in OGC
• Results
• Methodology and framework
• RDF knowledge repository
• Possible Service Interface
• SOAP Web services (independent of operation
  system)

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CO in Protégé
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Semantically annotated instances in RDF

• ltrdfRDF
• xmlnsco"http//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/u
  sl/ontology/collaberativeocean.owl"
• xmlnsfoaf"http//xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
• xmlns"http//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/usl/
  ontology/collaberativeocean_ins.rdf"
• xmlnsprotege"http//protege.stanford.edu/plu
  gins/owl/protege"
• xmlnsrdf"http//www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-sy
  ntax-ns"
• xmlnsxsd"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
• xmlnsrdfs"http//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-sche
  ma"
• xmlnsowl"http//www.w3.org/2002/07/owl"
• xmlbase"http//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/usl
  /ontology/collaberativeocean_ins.rdf"gt
• ltowlOntology rdfabout""gt
• ltowlimports rdfresource"http//wwwtest.noc.
  soton.ac.uk/nmf/usl/ontology/collaberativeocean.ow
  l"/gt
• lt/owlOntologygt
• ltcoChemicalSensor rdfID"Aanderaa_Oxygen_optod
  e"gt
• ltfoafdepiction rdfdatatype"http//www.w3.or
  g/2001/XMLSchemastring"
• gthttp//lh4.google.com/joncam.usl/R88SEn_OgTI/
  AAAAAAAAACc/5F_ng9iSMfc/IMG_7879.JPGlt/foafdepicti
  ongt
• ltcoserial_number rdfdatatype"http//www.w3.
  org/2001/XMLSchemastring"

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In Triples
PREFIX rdfs lthttp//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
gt PREFIX rdf lthttp//www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-s
yntax-nsgt PREFIX foaf lthttp//xmlns.com/foaf/0.1
/gt PREFIX co lthttp//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/
usl/ontology/collaberativeocean.owlgt PREFIX
co_ins lthttp//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/usl/on
tology/collaberativeocean_ins.rdfgt
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In Graph
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Status

• Collaborative ontology maturing
• Sensor, Platform, etc.
• Testing semantic annotation for Collaborative
  Ocean
• Establish a ontological reference model
• Integration with other SW applications
• Ontowiki

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Further Information

• The ontology http//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/us
  l/ontology/collaberativeocean.owl
• The semantic annotations (instances)
• http//wwwtest.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/usl/ontology/co
  llaberativeocean_ins.rdf
• A tutorial
• http//www.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/usl/bt/co.htm